趙孟頫의 墨竹− 원나라 관료사회에서의 意味

Abstract

This paper aims at illuminating the political aspects of the Zhao Meng-fu(趙孟頫)’s Bamboo Painting, one of the most significant parts in the paintings of Yuan, as well as in the Chinese art history. Zhao’s various paintings, including the bamboo painting, were admired passionately by lots of high-ranking officials under the Yuan Emperor and followed by them. The exclamation expressed in their literary works about Zhao’s bamboo painting reveals the exclaimer’s political sense that cannot be overlooked. Very intriguing is that the officials admired Zhao’s painting because Zhao was a royal descent from the last imperial family of the Song dynasty and Zhao was a gentle man of noble character in a moral sense. It is intriguing because nowadays the bamboo image itself has been believed as the symbol of a strong patriotic spirit against the Yuan of the barbarian Mongol government and Zhao committed blamable double-cross to be an the highest-official under the Mongol emperors. It means that Zhao’s bamboo painting could be admired as the image of loyalty and noble only in the society of bureaucracy in the Yuan. In the society of bureaucracy in the Yuan, the non-Mongolian officials should show their loyalty to the Yuan emperor. When they admired Zhao’s bamboo images as a expression of loyalty, they could express their own loyalty. In doing so, the admirations make Zhao’s painting a model, desirable one. Many official-painters produced bamboo paintings after the style of Zhao’s. Zhao’s bamboo style characterized in calligraphical strikes was accepted as an expression of orthodoxy in China especially by the Yuan emperors and the officials who followed the style. Zhao’s style went by so-called scholar-painters’ style from the ancient time. This study can tell that the actual significance in the art history could be formed by the political sense and background and that Zhao Mengfu’ bamboo painting is the one of good examples.