식물 이미지의 정치성(政治性), ‘세한삼우(歲寒三友)’와 ‘매죽(梅竹)’

Abstract

‘Three Friends of the Cold Season,’ or ‘Pine Tree, Plum and Bamboo,’ was settled as decoration and then motifs of poems by scholars in the Southern Song of China. As political attribute was added in the Yuan Dynasty, Zhao Mengjian who was believed to deny to be an official under the Mongol government with his Three Friends of the Cold Season was given the meaning of loyalty. In the early Ming China, high-ranking officials inscribed often on paintings of three friends in a dignified manner in the sense of loyalty. Meanwhile, ‘Plum and Bamboo’ was originally painted with winter birds in the Song China. When plum and bamboo were painted in ink in Yuan, the political-moral meaning of them was achieved. Although ‘Plum and Bamboo’ culture was introduced to Goryeo at Buddhist and personal levels, plum and bamboo in ink emerged as a loyal subject to general paintings, and blue and white porcelains’ patterns of the early Joseon Dynasty. However, during the mid-Ming and the second half of the Joseon Dynasty, the virtues of the political loyalty of ‘Three Friends of the Cold Season’ and ‘Plum and Bamboo’ disappeared. So, It would be said that ‘Three Friends of the Cold Season’ and ‘Plum and Bamboo,’ seemingly non-political and moral symbols of literati, were used for the literati’s political expression.