조선후기 제주 표류민의 중국 표착과 송환 과정 — <제주계록(濟州啓錄)>을 중심으로 —

Abstract

This study examined the status of the 19th century Joseon citizens drift recorded in 『Jejugyerok(濟州啓錄)』, and especially explored the status of drifting to China, drifting type, repatriation procedure and methods. To confirm the drift events recorded in 『Jejugyerok』, it is necessary to first clarify the criteria of the drift event handling unit. Usually, the event from the drift to the repatriation is considered to be as one event, but the number of drift may vary depending on whether the criterion is set to 'drift' or 'repatriation'. In case of China drift, there are 19 cases of drift based on drift, but 18 cases of drift based on repatriation. If it was not in a group of people drifting out into the sea together even with the repatriation on the same date, this study considered them as the number of individual cases and investigated the drift condition of 19 cases in which the Jeju castaway drifted to China. The Jeju castaway, drifting into China in 『Jejugyerok』, were mainly residents of the northern coast of Jeju. It mainly drifts in the sea due to fishing activities, trade activities with the land, and marine movement in Jeju‐do, etc., and is influenced by typhoons and currents. The major drifting areas of the Jeju castaway in China depend on whether it is ground drifting due to wind and currents, or whether it is a land drifting after the primary rescue by the vessel. First, when natural ground drifting occurred due to wind and currents, drifting mainly to the northeast coast of China in the order of Fujian, Zhejiang, and Taiwan, but after being rescued by ship, it drifts to the main port of Guangdong area or Shanghai. The process of repatriation can be roughly divided into two. The repatriation was carried out either via the landway or the waterway. There are two ways in case of using the landway. It is a direct repatriation to Joseon by translators of Yebu, that is, the repatriation by the Joseon direct envoy. The waterway repatriation is not easy to find. In 『Jejugyerok』, the only case of Kang Shin‐ju and his company drifted from Jeju on January 22, 1871, was rescued by a strange shaped vessel, returning to Joseon after passing through China's sea, Shanghai, Japan's Janggido and Tsushima.