“사서(四書)”의 용례를 통해 본 대덕(大德)의 구조와 의미

Abstract

Virtue, which means a universal character and quality of human beings, is a key category and concept that investigates the moral practicality of Confucianism, including Confucius' ideas. A wide variety of examples of virtue are presented in 'Sishu', including 'Analects'. In particular, in relation to virtue, various rhetorical expressions appear in 'Analects', and they are more subdivided and embodied in later ideological developments such as 'Mencius'. In addition, since virtue is a distinct category from Tao, the two should be strictly differentiated in terms of relative, but rather, the criteria or boundaries that lead to such distinction are somewhat ambiguous, so the overall structure must be understood based on case analysis to derive a comprehensive concept and meaning. The great virtue, which is raised in 'Sishu', describes the value that virtue aims for and the core and highest moral level that the great person has learned. In addition, the great virtue also encompasses the meaning of haven's virtue by suggesting that it can understand the reason of haven and it can be united with haven 'Sishu' is the central reason for Confucianism and shows the academic status of Confucianism as a moral philosophy. The meaning of 'great' and 'small', which are advocated by 'the great virtue', derived from the analysis of the use cases of 'Sishu', also emphasizes that the key to learning is for scholars to put their will at the root by differentiating moral and immoral or a point of direction and a point of avoidance from the formal distinction between the whole and individual.