한국의 신체문화에서 앎(知)과 함(行)의 관계 -儒家를 중심으로-

Abstract

Physical education and Martial arts in Confucianism begins from “Unity of knowledge and doing”(知行合一). And it can be said that such learning will be completed during the course of devoting oneself to the study of self-cultivation. Similar teaching to “Unification of knowledge and doing” in Confucianism can also be discovered in the process of “Two-fold training in Nature and Destiny)” in Taoism, as well as in the process of “sudden-enlightenment followed by gradual-cultivation”(頓悟漸修) in Buddhism. And the representative case is the three secret practices or the three mystic things(三密), which is the method of self-cultivation and practice of Buddhist. During the progress of “Jihaenghapil”(Unity of knowledge and doing) as such, body and mind are being unified through ‘the process of forming knowledge’ and ‘the process of constituting knowledge’, and, in the meantime, pupils are to be educated in order that their knowledge is coincided with doing. Results of study indicate that the relationships between knowledge and doing are undividable, and that it is not in parallel or counter relationship. And it can be said that the relationships between knowledge and doing in the somatic culture of Korea are expressed regardless the differences in thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Meanwhile, however, there are a bit of differences only in the method for expression, and the process of devoting oneself to study self-cultivation. Nowadays, physical fitness and sports have become a culture that is the must-have in humans’ everyday life. But, due to western-centered physical education and intensive attention focusing on the output-oriented sport games, it is quite regretful that the monistic view of human body that has been inherited in Korean culture is gone. Even from now on, therefore, we are required to attempt to engraft the somatic culture of Korea onto physical fitness and sports, and it is also considered very important for us to seek the intrinsic nature of sport, and to recover the identity of physical education that has been gone astray through such processes of studying self-cultivation and practice.