儒·佛·仙의 신체문화에 나타난 체육방법

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to consider the Korean somatic culture based on Confucian, Buddhist and Taoist, and through this consideration it was appeared what was the probability which somatic culture within the three religions had, and then it was discussed how the somatic thought of the three religions had an effect on the methods of physical education in Korea. The somatic culture of Confucian was󰡐the process of moral culture as the study of embodied knowing', and the study of embodied knowing through Kyong(敬) and the unit of knowledge and conduct(知行合一) was the ultimate object in Confucian. So the methods of physical education of a Confucian scholar were the concrete life or everyday life through the study being with sincerity and reverence, cultivation, and reflection. The methods of physical education in Buddhist was󰡐the asceticism as three mystic practices', therefore it emphasized the somatic culture with ascetic. Three mystic practices was the process of Buddhahood through the harmony with body, language and mind. In three mystic practices, the body meant physical training, the mind meant psychological control, and the language covered gentle breathing, reading scriptures, and food habits. In Buddhist, reading scriptures and food habits were means of asceticism, and breathing had a close relation to human life, therefore this was corresponded with the transmigration of souls which known as the soul was revived when the body was extinction. The methods of physical education in Taoist might be explained as 'the process of practice with three-method'. The purpose of practices in Taoist were the cultivation of both inner nature and fate(性命雙修), and the basic methods of physical education was the whole practices in both of body and mind, inner nature and fate in company with physical training, gentle breathing and psychological control. The main topic of Taoist were the care of one's health and immortality, and it would sought the most instinct desire of human. Finally, the methods of physical education within the three religions would sought󰡐a man of awakening' through the process of moral culture as the study of embodied knowing, the asceticism as three mystic practices, and the process of practice with three-method.