주가와 환율의 위험-수익 관계에 대한 연구
Relation between Risk and Return in the Korean Stock Market and Foreign Exchange Market
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초록
본 논문은 우리나라 주식시장과 외환시장의 기대 수익률과 조건부 변동성간의 시계열적 관계를 2요인 자본자산가격결정모형(two-factor ICAPM)을 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. 주가와 환율의 조건부 분산은 GARCH 모형과 비대칭성을 반영한 GJR(1993) 모형으로 추정하였으며, 주가와 환율과의 조건부 공분산은 Bollerslev(1990)의 일정 상관관계(CCC) 모형과 Engle(2002)의 동태적 조건부 상관관계(DCC) 모형을 이용하여 추정하였다. 실증 분석모형은 MGARCH-M 모형을 사용하였으며, 추정방법은 준최우추정법(QMLE)을 사용하였다. 실증 분석결과 외환위기 이후에 주식시장의 기대 수익률은 주가의 분산에 대해, 그리고 환율과의 공분산에 대해 유의한 음(-)의 관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 외환시장에서 기대 수익률은 조건부 분산과 조건부 공분산에 대해 유의하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 조건부 분산의 추정에서는 GJR 모형이 GARCH 모형에 비해 더 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 DCC 모형이 CCC 모형에 비해 설명력이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문의 분석결과는 주식시장에서 환율 변동이 위험 요인으로 작용하고 있기 때문에 포트폴리오 구성이나 위험 관리 등에서 환율 변동을 고려할 필요가 있고, 변수들간의 상관관계는 시변하는 모형을 사용할 필요가 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
We examine the intertemporal relation between risk and return in the Korean stock market and foreign exchange market based on the two factor ICAPM framework. The standard GARCH model and the GJR(1993) model are employed to estimate conditional variances of the stock returns and foreign exchange rates. The covariance between the rates of stock returns and changes in the exchange rates are estimated by the constant conditional correlation model of Bollerslev(1990) and the dynamic conditional correlation model of Engle(2002). The multivariate GARCH in mean model and quasi-maximum likelihood estimation method, consequently, are applied to investigate riskreturn relation jointly. We find that the estimated coefficient of relative risk aversion is negative and statistically significant in the post-financial crisis sample period in the Korean stock market. We also show that the expected stock returns are negatively related to the dynamic covariance with foreign exchange rates. Both estimated parameters of conditional variance and covariance in the foreign exchange market, however, are not statistically significant. The GJR model is better than the standard GARCH model to estimate the conditional variances. In addition, the dynamic conditional correlation model has higher explanatory power than the constant correlation model. The empirical results of this study suggest following two points to investors and risk managers in hedging and diversifying strategies for their portfolios in the Korean stock market: first, the variability of foreign exchange rates should be considered, and second, time-varying correlation between stock returns and changes in foreign exchange rates supposed to be considered.
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