기업의 지배구조와 기업가치 간의 관계를 환경성과가 매개하는가?
Does Environmental Performance Mediate the Relationship between Corporate Governance and Firm Value?
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본 연구는 기업의 지배구조와 기업가치의 관계에서 환경성과의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 이를 위해2015년부터 2021년까지 KCGS가 평가한 ESG 점수를 사용하였으며, 환경점수가 없거나 0점인 기업은제외하였다. 기업의 재무데이터는 FnGuide의 데이터를 이용하였으며, 최종적으로 2,376개의 관측치(396개 기업의 7개년도 데이터)를 표본으로 사용하였다. Baron and Kenny(1986) 접근법을 사용하여 기업의 지배구조와 기업가치의 관계를 환경성과가매개하는지 검증한 결과, 환경성과는 기업의 지배구조와 기업가치를 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 지배구조는 기업가치에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 것이 아니라, 환경성과를 통해 간접적으로 영향을미치는 것을 의미한다. 매개효과의 통계적 유의성을 검증하기 위해 소벨테스트(Sobel, 1982)를 실시한결과, 매개효과는 유의하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 기업의 건전한 지배구조가 기업가치에 영향을 미치는 이유가 상당 부분 환경성과에의해 설명될 수 있음을 시사하며, ESG의 각 요소를 동일한 차원에서 단순히 합산하여 접근하는 방식에논리적 문제가 있을 수 있음을 보여준다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the mediating effect of environmental performance on the relationship between corporate governance and firm value. To end this, ESG scores evaluated by KCGS from 2015 to 2021 were used, and companies without environmental scores or with a score of 0 were excluded. Financial data of companies were obtained from FnGuide’s database, and ultimately, a sample of 2,376 observations (data for 396 companies over 7 years) was used. Using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) approach, it was found that environmental performance completely mediated the relationship between corporate governance and firm value. In other words, corporate governance indirectly affects firm value through environmental performance, rather than having a direct impact. To verify the statistical significance of the mediating effect, a Sobel test (Sobel, 1982) was conducted, and the mediating effects was found to be significant. The results of this study suggest that corporate governance has a significant impact on firm value, which can be explain in large part by its environmental performance. It also shows that there may be a logical problem with approaching each element of ESG by simply adding them together on the same dimension.
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