정부지원 R&D의 중소기업 기술 및고용 성과에 대한 연구
A Study on the Firm Performances Regarding Technology and Employment of Government-financed SME R&D
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초록
본 연구는 정부의 중소기업 R&D 지원 사업에 대한 효과를 개별 사업체 수준자료를 활용하여 추정하였다. 2010년도 정부 R&D 지원 사업에 참여한 업체의 기술성과, 민간 R&D 유인효과, 고용효과를 사업체 수준에서 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 정부의 중소기업에 대한 R&D 투자(규모 및 건수)는 국내 특허 등록 실적에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 국내외 특허 등록 실적은 자산규모가 큰 사업체일수록많은 것으로 나타났으나, 정부투자 연구사업 주관업체의 기술성과는 공동⋅위탁⋅참여업체에 비해 오히려 낮은 것으로 추정되었다. 둘째, 정부의 R&D 정책은 민간 R&D 인센티브와보완적 기능을 가지고 있는 것으로 추정되었으며, 정부 R&D 투자 1% 증가는 사업 종료 후민간업체의 R&D 지출을 비탄력적으로(0.193～0.245%) 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 정부의 R&D 지원이 참여기업의 고용 성장에 기여한 것으로 나타났다. 특히, R&D 지원의 고용에 대한 성과가 기업규모 및 기술수준별로 차이를 보임에 따라 정부의 R&D 정책에 있어기업의 특성을 고려한 차별적 지원이 필요하다.
Abstract
This paper used individual establishment level data to estimate the effects of government support for the research and development of ‘small and medium enterprises’(SMEs). We analyzed, on the establishment level, the degree of technical advancement, strength of private R&D incentives, and the effect on employment levels of firms which participated in the 2010 government R&D support project. The results of this study are as follows. First, the size and frequency of government investment in the R&D of SMEs were both positively correlated with the amount of patent registrations. Furthermore, we found that the amount of patent registrations were positively correlated with the size of the establishments, but the average level of technological advancement for the firms running the research was lower than the average level of technological advancement for the firms merely participating in the project. Second, the government’s R&D policy was found to be complementary to private R&D incentives, and a 1% increase in government R&D investment resulted in an inelastic increase (0.193～0.245%) of the firms’ post-program R&D spending. Third, we found that R&D support from the government contributed to an increase of employment by the participating firms. Additionally, we found that the impact of R&D support on job creation varied for the firm size and technological characteristics. Therefore, it is important for governments to take into consideration each type of small business, when setting R&D policies.
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