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탐험과 활용관점 플랫폼 기술 포트폴리오 전략이 성과에 미치는 영향: 나노기술을 중심으로

Effects of Platform-based Exploratory and Exploitative Technology Strategy on Firm’s Performance: Nanotechnology case

신준석|문희성
기술경영경제학회 (The Korean Society For Technology Management & Economics)|2019.02|기술혁신연구 (JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION)|제27권 제1호|pp. 45-77|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.14386/SIME.2019.27.1.45

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키워드

Exploration활용나노기술PortfolioExploitationNanotechnology탐험플랫폼 기술포트폴리오 전략Platform technology
주제분류기술정책

초록

새로운 가능성의 탐험(Exploration)과 기존 확실성의 활용(Exploitation)간 균형은 조직 학습뿐 아니라 전략, 혁신, 연구개발의 중요한 문제다. 기술의 융복합화 트렌드 속에 기업들은 지속적 경쟁 우위를 위해 기술 지식 자산을 가급적 다양하게 보유하려는 동시에 특정 분야에 깊은 기술 역량을 가지려 한다. 기업들은 기술 포트폴리오 전략 고민하지만, 기술 속성에 대한 고려는 제한적이다. 첨단 기술의 대표인 나노기술은 기존의 제품 및 사업 중심 기술과 달리 다양한 분야에 활용되는 일반목적기술 또는 플랫폼 기술 속성을 가지고 있다. 본 연구는 다국적 기업들이 플랫폼 기술로서 나노기술에 대해 탐험과 활용, 즉 다각화와 특정 기술 우위 관점의 포트폴리오 전략이 혁신 및 재무 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 패널 데이터 기반으로 다중 회귀 분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 실증 분석결과는 기존의 제품 기술들과 달리, 플랫폼 기술로서의 나노기술은 다각화와 특정 기술 우위가 증가할수록 혁신 성과와 재무 성과에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 나노기술의 포트폴리오 형태, 즉 다각화와 전문성 기반의 특정 기술 우위 중에, 다각화된 나노기술 포트폴리오가 특정 기술에 우위를 갖는 경우보다 혁신 성과와 재무 성과를 향상시키는 데 더 많은 기여를 하고 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 이는 기업들이 자원의 제약하에서 일반목적 기술의 경우 포트폴리오 전략에 어떻게 추구하는 것이 효율적인지를 시사한다.

Abstract

The balance between exploration for new possibility and exploitation for existing certainty is an important issue in strategy, innovation, R&D as well as organization learning. Among the convergence trends of technologies, many firms seek to have the wider technological knowledge assets and the deeper technology capabilities for the sustainable competitive advantage at the same time. While firms plan technology portfolio strategies, they should consider the attribute of the technology. Nanotechnology, a cutting-edge technology, is a general purpose technology, unlike conventional product-oriented technologies. This empirical study was focused on how multi-national firms' exploration and exploitation strategies for nanotechnology affect their innovative and financial performance. It uses multiple regression analysis on panel data. This result shows that the more diversified and specialized nanotechnology as platform technology is positively related to their innovative and financial performance, unlike the research results for product-oriented technologies. In addition, exploratory innovation is more effective to firm performance than exploitation. This implies how global firms can manage effectively platform technology strategies under the constraints of resources.

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