특허생산과 기술성과: 기업 혁신전략의 역할
Patent Production and Technological Performance of Korean Firms: The Role of Corporate Innovation Strategies
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초록
본 연구는 기업의 혁신전략이 특허생산 및 기업의 기술변화와 신제품개발에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 기업의 기술성과를 증대시키는 데 필요한 혁신전략을 도출하고자하였다. 사용자료는 한국직업능력개발원의 「인적자본기업패널조사」(HCCP)의 1~4차년도자료와 한국신용평가원의 기업재무자료, 특허청의 기업별 특허출원자료를 결합한 자료이다. 특허생산함수는 영과잉음이항회귀모형(ZINB)을 사용하여 추정하였다. 기업의 기술성과 결정요인은 특허의 내생성을 고려하여 2단계 추정방법을 사용하였고, 2단계 회귀식은 순위로짓모형을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 기업의 혁신전략이 특허생산 및 기업의 기술변화와 신제품개발에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 첫째, 특허생산에서는 기업의 연구개발투자와 인적자원이중요한 투입요소로 나타났다. R&D집약도가 높을수록 특허생산이 활발하게 이루어지되 한계생산은 체감하였고, 기업이 보유하고 있는 특허스톡이 많을수록 신규특허의 생산이 활발하였다. 기업의 인적자원수준이 높고 인적자원투자가 많을수록 특허생산이 활발하였고, 기업이 시장선도전략이나 빠른 추종자전략을 추구할 때 안정형 전략을 구사하는 기업에 비해 특허생산이 많았다. 둘째, 기업의 기술성과 결정요인으로는 인적자원의 역할이 중요하였고, R&D집약도는 대기업의 신제품개발에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 시장선도전략이나 빠른 추종자전략을 택한 기업의 기술성과가 안정형 전략의 기업보다 높았다. 특허생산이 활발한 기업일수록기술성과가 높으나, 이는 상당부분 특허의 내생성에 기인한다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 특허의생산뿐 아니라 특허와 신제품개발과 같은 기술성과와의 연계성을 높이는 전략이 필요하며,기업특성에 따른 차별화 전략이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of corporate innovation strategies on patentproduction and ultimately on technological change and new product development of firmsin South Korea. The intent was to derive efficient strategies for enhancing technologicalperformance of the firms. For the empirical analysis, three sources of data werecombined: four waves of the Human Capital Corporate Panel Survey (HCCP) datacollected by the Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training(KRIVET), corporate financial data obtained from the Korea Information Service (KIS),and corporate patent data provided by the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO). The patent production function was estimated by zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB)regression. The technological performance function was estimated by two-stageregression, taking into account the endogeneity of patent production. An ordered logitmodel was applied for the second stage regression. Empirical results confirmed the critical role of corporate innovation strategies in patentproduction and in facilitating technological change and new product development of thefirms. In patent production, the firms' R&D investment and human resources were keydeterminants. Higher R&D intensity led to more patents, yet with decreasing marginalproductivity. A larger stock of registered patents also led to a larger flow of new patentproduction. Firms were more prolific in patent production when they had high-qualitypersonnel, intensely investing in human resource development, and adoptingmarket-leading or fast-follower strategy as compared to stability strategy. Intechnological performance, the firms' human resources played a key role in acceleratingtechnological change and new product development. R&D intensity expedited new productdevelopment of the firm. Firms adopting market-leading or fast-follower strategy were atan advantage than those with stability strategy in technological performance. Firms prolific in patent production were also advanced in terms of technological change andnew product development. However, the nexus between patent production andtechnological performance measures was substantially reduced when controlling for theendogeneity of patent production. These results suggest that firms need to strengthen thelinkage between patent production and technological performance, and take strategies thataddress each firm's capacities and needs.
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