국민의 창의성과 사용자/현장 중심 혁신: 창조경제 패러다임 정립을 위한 문헌 연구
People’s Creativity and User/Field-driven Innovation: Literature Review for the Paradigm of Creative Economy
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박근혜정부의 창조경제는 국민을 창조활동의 주인공으로 자리매김함으로써 기존의 전문가 중심, 과학기술공급중심의 경제사회발전전략과는 다른 특성을 보여주고 있으나그 해석과 정책 실행에 있어 그 특징을 찾아보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 창조경제가 주목한 국민의 창의성이 과학기술자의 창의성과 무엇이 다르며, 그것이 정책 패러다임으로서 어떤 의미를 갖는지 광범위한 문헌 연구를 통해 밝힘으로써 창조경제가 담아내야 할 도전과 과제를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 국민은 사용자로서의 창의성에 더불어 인문학적, 철학적, 윤리적, 경험적 능력을 바탕으로한 생활인/삶의 주체로서의 창의성을 갖고 있으며 이것은 과학기술자의 창의성과는 구분되는 고유의 창의성이라 할 수 있다. 사용자로서의 창의성, 생활인/삶의 주체로서의 창의성의발현은 삶의 가치에 대한 선택을 내포하며 이는 소비행태의 변화, 삶의 방식의 변화를 통해기술 고착, 사용자 고착을 타파함으로써 시스템 혁신을 이루거나 새로운 사회ㆍ기술시스템의구성 혹은 전환을 촉진할 수 있다. 이런 맥락에서 국민의 창의성은 기존의 전문가/과학기술공급중심 혁신 패러다임이 아닌 사용자/현장중심 혁신 패러다임’의 토대로서 역할 할 수 있다. 따라서 국민의 창의성에 주목하고 있는 창조경제는 사용자/현장 중심 혁신 패러다임의실현이라는 새로운 경제사회발전정책과제를 안고 있다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
‘Creative Economy’ has been announced as the new paradigm ofsocio-economic development strategy of newly elected President Geun-Hye Park'sadministration. By explicitly defining people as a major player in creative activity, itseems to depart from expert-driven or science & technology-focused developmentparadigms of previous administrations. Yet, its interpretation and operation in terms ofgovernment policy does not seem to show any differences. This study aims to explicatethe nature of Creative Economy as a development paradigm by clarifying the differencesbetween people's creativity and that of scientists and engineers through extensiveliterature review. People can contribute to the creative activity not just as users but also as living personswho make everyday yet independent choices based on their humanistic, philosophical, ethicaland experiential capabilities which are clearly different from the sources of scientists' &engineers' creativity. People's creative activity does involve value judgement about life andcan often accelerate the system innovation or transition by changing consumer behaviourand lifestyle, and hence destruct technological lock-in user lock-in of the existing system. People's creativity can thus present 'User/Field-driven Innovation Paradigm which clearlydiffers from existing expert- or science & technology-driven innovation paradigm. TheCreative Economy with focus on people's creativity therefore faces new socio-economicdevelopment challenges of fulfilling the User/Field-driven Innovation Paradigm.
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