헌혈광고의 효과성 제고에 있어서 정서 소구와 청중 세분화의 역할
Roles of emotional appeals and audience segmentation in enhancing effectiveness of blood donation advertising
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 첫 번째 목적은 부정적 헌혈인식을 기준으로 분류한 청중의 세분집단 별 자부심(자기초점 정서)과 공감(타인초점 정서) 소구 헌혈광고의 효과성을 비교하는 것이다. 본 연구의 두 번째 목적은 각 세분집단 별 효과적인 자부심과 공감 소구 헌혈광고의 차별적 마케팅 전략을 제안하는 것이다. 이에 본 연구에서 만 19세–69세의 남녀 583명을 대상으로 자부심과 공감 소구 헌혈광고를 이용한 온라인 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부정적 헌혈인식(헌혈에 대한 불신과 두려움)을 기준으로 헌혈광고 청중은 저 불신/저 두려움 집단, 고 불신/고 두려움 집단 및 저 불신/고 두려움 집단으로 세분화되었다. 둘째, 집단주의 문화적 지향성이 개인주의 문화적 지향성보다 강한 저 불신/저 두려움 집단에서 공감 소구 헌혈광고가 자부심 소구 헌혈광고보다 헌혈태도를 더 긍정적으로 만들고, 헌혈의향을 더 많이 높였다. 반면 개인주의 문화적 지향성과 집단주의 문화적 지향성 간 차이가 없는 고 불신/고 두려움 집단과 저 불신/고 두려움 집단의 경우, 자부심과 공감 소구 헌혈광고 간 헌혈태도와 헌혈의향의 제고 효과 차이가 없었다. 마지막으로, 정서 소구 헌혈광고의 효과성을 기준으로 저 불신/저 두려움 집단을 목표 청중으로 선정한 후 이 집단의 특성(남성 비율이 높음, 양방향 의사소통 매체와 전자 상거래 매체의 이용 빈도가 높음)에 적합한 헌혈광고의 차별적 마케팅 전략(메시지와 매체 전략)을 도출하였다.
Abstract
The first purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of pride (ego-focused emotion) vs. empathy (other-focused emotion) appeals in blood donation advertising for each of audience groups segmented by their negative perception of blood donation. The second goal of the study is to suggest effective differentiated marketing strategies of pride and/or empathy appeals in blood donation advertising for each of the audience groups. To obtain the goals, an online experiment using pride and empathy appeals in blood donation advertising was conducted with 583 males and females aged 19-69 years. The experiment offered the following results. First, on the basis of the negative perception of blood donation (distrust of and fear for blood donation), audience was divided into low distrust/low fear group, high distrust/high fear group and low distrust/high fear group. Second, for low distrust/low fear group holding stronger collectivistic cultural orientation than individualistic cultural orientation, empathy appeal in blood donation advertisement enhanced their attitude toward blood donation and their intention to donate blood more strongly than pride appeal in blood donation advertisement. However, for high distrust/high fear group and low distrust/high fear group whose individualistic cultural orientation was similar to collectivistic cultural orientation, there were no difference in their attitude toward and intention for blood donation between pride and empathy appeals in blood donation advertisements. Lastly, after selecting low distrust/low fear group as target audience group on the basis of the effectiveness of pride vs. empathy appeals in blood donation advertisements, the differentiated marketing strategies of blood donation advertising that matched the characteristics of the group (high proportion of males, high frequency to use interactive communication media and e-commerce media) was developed.
참고문헌 (89)
- 강정석, "효과적인 헌혈 커뮤니케이션 전략에 관한 연구: 내용분석과 세분화 기법의 적용", 지역과 세계, 44(1), pp.5~40 (2020), 사회과학연구소[DOI]
- 고정미, "헌혈포스터 이미지에 대한 수용자 선호도 연구 - 인쇄매체를 중심으로 -", 한국디자인포럼, (43), pp.165~176 (2014), 한국디자인트렌드학회[DOI]
- "2017년 인터넷이용실태조사" (2018)[URL]
- "2021년 인터넷이용실태조사 통계표" (2022)[URL]
- 김나미, "광고의 기능과 광고태도간의 관계성에 관한 한국과 중국소비자 인식 비교", 한국심리학회지: 소비자·광고, 15(1), pp.103~121 (2014), 한국소비자·광고심리학회[DOI]
- 김남진, "헌혈 커뮤니케이션 메시지를 활용한 차별적 마케팅의 효과성 검증", 한국심리학회지: 소비자·광고, 21(4), pp.583~601 (2020), 한국소비자·광고심리학회[DOI]
- 김봄, "온라인 광고 내용특성과 실행특성의 효과성에 대한 메타분석 연구: 국내 연구를 중심으로", 사회과학연구, 60(2), pp.103~131 (2021), 사회과학연구원[DOI]
- 김용상, "협력적 거버넌스 기반 헌혈증진 개선방안에 관한 연구", 한국방재학회논문집, 18(4), pp.153~164 (2018), 한국방재학회[DOI]
- "2019 혈액사업통계연보" (2019)[URL]
- "2021 혈액사업통계연보" (2021)[URL]
- 박원우, "연구의 인과성 제고 : 통제변수의 의의, 활용 현상 분석 및 제언", 노사관계연구, 21, pp.1~49 (2010)
- "2021년 헌혈, 장기기증 등 생명나눔 참여 현황 및 안내" (2021)[URL]
- 백혜림, "사전 태도와 이성적", 감성적 소구 유형이 장애인 돕기 캠페인의 반응에 미치는 영향, 2014, pp.14(2), 157~183[DOI]
- "코로나19 장기화로 혈액 수급 ‘비상’, 지속적인 관심과 노력 필요" (2022)[URL]
- 심정희, "우리나라 사용자들의 디지털기기 사용성향 요인 분석 및 유형화", 디자인학연구, 21(1), pp.105~114 (2008), 한국디자인학회
- "국내 사용자들이 가장 많이 이용하는 이메일 서비스는?" (2018)[URL]
- 양윤, "자기해석, 초점정서, 광고 내 맥락이 금연 공익광고 태도에 미치는 영향", 광고학연구, 21(2), pp.245~270 (2010), 한국광고학회
- "헌혈자 급감, ‘사회적 재난’ 수준 혈액부족 위기 상황 도래" (2022)[URL]
- 이병관, "공익광고의 프레이밍 효과에 관한 연구 - 메타 분석", 한국광고홍보학보, 14(2), pp.33~60 (2012), 한국광고홍보학회[DOI]
- "헌혈하면 코로나 감염? ‘혈액’이 부족하다" (2022)[URL]
- "종합몰 앱 이용행태 분석" (2020)[URL]
- 황호영, "개인간 신뢰와 조직몰입", 조직시민행동에서개인주의․집단주의 효과, 2005, pp.7(1), 123~153[DOI]
- Aaker, D. A., "Warmth in advertising : Measurement, impact, and sequence effects", Journal of Consumer Research, 12(4), pp.365~381 (1986)
- Aaker, J. L., "Empathy versus pride : The influence of emotional appeals across cultures", Journal of Consumer Research, 25(3), pp.241~261 (1998)
- Agrawal, N., "Getting emotional about health", Journal of Marketing Research, 44(1), pp.100~113 (2007)
- Ajzen, I., "The theory of planned behavior", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), pp.179~211 (1991)
- Al-Drees, A. M., "Attitude, belief and knowledge about blood donation and transfusion in Saudi population", Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 24(1), pp.74~79 (2008)
- Bartel, W. P., "Attitudes underlying reluctance to donate blood", Transfusion, 15(3), pp.275~277 (1975)
- Batson, C. D., "Five studies testing two new egoistic alternatives to the empathy-altruism hypothesis", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(1), pp.52~77 (1988)
- Bednall, T. C., "Donating blood : a meta-analytic review of self-reported motivators and deterrents", Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 25(4), pp.317~334 (2011)
- Bednall, T. C., "A systematic review and meta-analysis of antecedents of blood donation behavior and intentions", Social Science & Medicine, 96, pp.86~94 (2013)
- Beerli-Palacio, A., "How to increase blood donation by social marketing", International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 12(3), pp.253~266 (2015)
- Ben Ari, A., "Cultural orientation, ethnic affiliation, and negative daily occurrences : A multidimensional cross cultural analysis", American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 74(2), pp.102~111 (2004)
- Beyerlein, K., "The effect of religion on blood donation in the United States", Sociology of Religion, 77(4), pp.408~435 (2016)
- Burnett, J. J., "Distinguishing characteristics of blood donor segments defined in terms of donation frequency", Journal of Health Care Marketing, 6(2), pp.38~49 (1986)
- Deka, D., "Public transit in the social marketing framework", Journal of Public Transportation, 1(1), pp.65~86 (1996)
- Duboz, P., "How barriers to blood donation differ between lapsed donors and non donors in France", Transfusion Medicine, 20(4), pp.227~236 (2010)
- Ferguson, E., "Predictors of future behaviour : A review of the psychological literature on blood donation", British Journal of Health Psychology, 1(4), pp.287~308 (1996)
- Ferguson, E., "A stage model of blood donor behaviour : Assessing volunteer behaviour", Journal of Health Psychology, 10(3), pp.359~372 (2005)
- Groeppel-Klein, A., "Measurement of emotions elicited by advertising", Advances in Consumer Research North American Advances, 37, pp.497~498 (2010)
- Grunert, K. G., "Automatic and strategic processes in advertising effects", Journal of Marketing, 60(4), pp.88~101 (1996)
- Gudykunst, W. B., "The influence of cultural individualism-collectivism, self construals, and individual values on communication styles across cultures", Human Communication Research, 22(4), pp.510~543 (1996)
- Han, J., "Emotional appeal in recruitment advertising and applicant attraction : Unpacking national cultural differences", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(8), pp.1202~1223 (2016)
- Holmvall, C. M., "What fair procedures say about me : Self-construals and reactions to procedural fairness", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 105(2), pp.147~168 (2008)
- Hupfer, M. E., "Helping me, helping you : self referencing and gender roles in donor advertising", Transfusion, 46(6), pp.996~1005 (2006)
- Izard, C. E., "The many meanings", aspects of emotion : Definitions, functions, activation, and regulation, 2010, pp.2(4), 363~370
- Jadczaková, V., "Review of segmentation process in consumer markets", Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, 61(4), pp.1215~1224 (2013)
- Janiszewski, C., "Preattentive mere exposure effects", Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), pp.376~392 (1993)
- Kang, J., "The effect of ad skepticism and celebrity preference on brand attitude change in celebrity endorsed advertising", Japanese Psychological Research, 62(1), pp.26~38 (2020)
- Kang, J., "Age and cultural differences in recognitions of emotions from masked faces among Koreans and Americans", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), pp.10555~ (2021)[DOI]
- Karacan, E., "Blood donors and factors impacting the blood donation decision : motives for donating blood in Turkish sample", Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 49(3), pp.468~473 (2013)
- Knowles, E. S., "Resistance and persuasion", pp.3~9 (2004), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Kotler, P., "Broadening the concept of marketing", Journal of Marketing, 33(1), pp.10~15 (1969)
- Kotler, P., "Social marketing : an approach to planned social change", Journal of Marketing, 35(3), pp.3~12 (1971)
- Lavenberg, S. S., "A perspective on the use of control variables to increase the efficiency of Monte Carlo simulations", Management Science, 27(3), pp.322~335 (1981)
- Lee, N. R., "Social marketing : Influencing behaviors for good" (2011), Sage Publications
- Lemmens, K. P., "Modelling antecedents of blood donation motivation among non donors of varying age and education", British Journal of Psychology, 100(1), pp.71~90 (2009)
- Lewison, D. M., "Student target marketing strategies for universities", Journal of College Admission, 196, pp.14~19 (2007)
- Machleit, K. A., "Emotional feelings and attitude toward the advertisement : The roles of brand familarity and repetition", Journal of Advertising, 17(3), pp.27~35 (1988)
- MacKenzie, S. B., "The role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness : A test of competing explanations", Journal of Marketing Research, 23(2), pp.130~143 (1986)
- MacInnis, D. J., "Information processing from advertisements : Toward an integrative framework", Journal of Marketing, 53(4), pp.1~23 (1989)
- Markus, H. R., "Culture and the self : Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation", Psychological Review, 98(2), pp.224~253 (1991)
- Martín-Santana, J. D., "Using radio advertising to promote blood donation", Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 30(1), pp.52~73 (2018)
- Oishi, S., "The measurement of values and individualism-collectivism", Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24(11), pp.1177~1189 (1998)
- Oswalt, R. M., "A review of blood donor motivation and recruitment", Transfusion, 17(2), pp.123~135 (1977)
- Oyserman, D., "High power, low power, and equality : Culture beyond individualism and collectivism", Journal of Consumer Psychology, 16(4), pp.352~356 (2006)
- Oyserman, D., "Rethinking individualism and collectivism : evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses", Psychological Bulletin, 128(1), pp.3~72 (2002)
- Pedhazur, E. J., "Measurement, design, and analysis : An integrated approach" (1991), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Pieters, R., "Attention capture and transfer in advertising : Brand, pictorial, and text-size effects", Journal of Marketing, 68(2), pp.36~50 (2004)
- Rupp, C., "Segmenting nonprofit stakeholders to enable successful relationship marketing : A review", International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 19(2), pp.76~91 (2014)
- Russell, J. A., "Approach-avoidance and affiliation as functions of the emotion-eliciting quality of an environment", Environment and Behavior, 10(3), pp.355~387 (1978)
- Santos, H. C., "Global increases in individualism", Psychological Science, 28(9), pp.1228~1239 (2017)
- Schimmack, U., "Individualism : A valid and important dimension of cultural differences between nations", Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9(1), pp.17~31 (2005)
- Shimizu, Y., "Culture as automatic processes for making meaning : Spontaneous trait inferences", Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69(1), pp.79~85 (2017)
- Singer, T., "The social neuroscience of empathy", Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1156(1), pp.81~96 (2009)
- Steele, D. J., "Empathy, authenticity, assessment and simulation : A conundrum in search of a solution", Patient Education and Counseling, 71(2), pp.143~144 (2008)
- Sundermann, L. M., "Under blood pressure–differentiated versus undifferentiated marketing to increase blood donations", International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 14(3), pp.321~340 (2017)
- Takano, Y., "An unsupported common view : Comparing Japan and the US on individualism", collectivism, 1999, pp.2(3), 311~341
- Tamis LeMonda, C. S., "Parents’ goals for children : The dynamic coexistence of individualism and collectivism in cultures and individuals", Social Development, 17(1), pp.183~209 (2008)
- Tracy, J. L., "Emerging insights into the nature and function of pride", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(3), pp.147~150 (2007)
- Triandis, H. C., "Individualism-collectivism and personality", Journal of Personality, 69(6), pp.907~924 (2001)
- Triandis, H. C., "Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), pp.118~128 (1998)
- Uhrig, M. K., "Emotion elicitation : A comparison of pictures and films", Frontiers in Psychology, 7, pp.180~ (2016)[DOI]
- Voronov, M., "The myth of individualism-collectivism : A critical review", Journal of Social Psychology, 142(4), pp.461~480 (2002)
- "World health statistics 2010" (2010)[URL]
- Xu, J., "Moral emotions and self-construal in charity advertising : Communication on focus", Journal of Promotion Management, 23(4), pp.557~574 (2017)
- Yates, J. F., "Culture and decision making", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, pp.106~118 (2016)
- Zhou, Y., "Segmenting blood donors in developing countries", Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 30(5), pp.1~18 (2012)
