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다른 사용자 점화가 신제품 구매의도에 미치는 효과: 해석수준 이론을 중심으로

The effect of User Priming on Purchase Intention of New Product: A focus on construal level theory

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주제분류심리과학

초록

새로운 제품은 기존 제품과 다른 혜택을 제공할 수 있지만, 소비자는 해당 제품에 대한 경험이 부족하기에 혜택과 위험에 대한 어느 정도의 불확실을 지니곤 한다. 따라서 소비자는 새롭게 등장한 제품의 유용성을 인식하면서도 실제 구매를 망설일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 제품 사용 맥락에 다른 사용자를 점화하는 것이 익숙하지 않은 제품(미경험 제품) 구매의도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 하며, 구체적으로 단독 사용보다는 다른 사용자와 공동 사용을 가정할 때, 다른 사람의 관점을 수용함으로써 상대적으로 해석 수준이 높아지고, 그 결과 제품의 바람직성 측면의 가치를 더 높게, 실행 가능성 측면의 위험을 더 낮게 판단할 것으로 제안하였다. 연구 1에서는 미경험 제품으로 혁신 제품을 선정하여, 단독 사용보다 공동 사용을 점화할 때 구매의도가 높아지는지 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 광고 메시지에서 다른 사람과 제품을 함께 사용하는 것을 점화할 때 구매의도가 증가하였으며, 이는 해석 수준에 의해 매개되었다. 연구 2에서는 공동 사용 점화의 효과가 해석 수준에 의한 것임을 재확인하고자, 다른 사용자를 점화한 참가자들을 3 집단(해석수준 점화: 높은 vs. 낮은 vs. 통제)으로 나누어 비교하였다. 또한 기존 제품이 친환경적으로 리뉴얼된 제품을 실험 자극으로 선정하였다. 그 결과, 낮은 해석 수준을 점화한 집단에서 다른 두 집단에 비해 실행가능성(사용 위험)에 대한 지각이 증가하고, 바람직성(궁극적 가치)을 더 낮게 지각하여 구매의도가 낮아지는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 불확실과 위험을 포함하는 제품에 대해 타인의 관점을 끌어들이는 것, 즉 광고 메시지나 매장 내 요소를 통해 다른 사용자와의 공동 사용을 점화하는 것이 소비자의 조망을 목적 측면으로 이행시킴으로써 제품의 지각된 가치를 높이고 사용 위험 지각을 낮출 수 있음을 제안한다. 나아가 소비자가 공동 사용을 목적으로 제품을 구매하고자 하는 상황에서는, 제품의 수단적 이점을 강조하는 것이 오히려 소비자의 해석 수준을 낮추어 역효과를 낳을 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

New product offer new benefits or advantages to consumers, but they also carry risks or disadvantages because they are new and unproven. In this study, we examined the effect of priming other users on purchase intention of a new product. Specifically, we propose that priming the other user (i.e., shared use), rather than using the product alone(i.e., individual use), will result in higher-level construals by adopting another person’s perspective and, as a result, a consumer will perceive the desirable value higher and feasible risk lower. In Study 1, we selected an innovative product as a new product and investigated priming other user would increase the purchase intention rather than priming using alone. The analysis showed that purchase intention increased when the advertising messaged primed the use of the product with others, and this was mediated by the difference of construal level. In Study 2, to further confirm the role of construal level, we divided participants into three conditions (construal level: high vs. low vs. control) after priming other user. Eco-friendly product was selected as a stimlui for study 2. The results showed that the participants in low construal level condition perceived feasibility risk (usage risk) higher and desirability (ultimate value) lower, resulting in lower purchase intention compared to those in other two conditions. The results of this study confirm that for new products that convey both benefits and risks, bringing the perspective of others into an individual’s purchase consideration, i.e., shared use priming, can increase the purchase intention by moving the consumer’s construal level higher. Furthermore, the results suggest that in situations where consumers intend to purchase a product for shared use, emphasizing the instrumental benefits of a product may be counterproductive.

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