영재 청소년의 완벽주의 특성에 따른 군집유형: 성격 5요인, 학업적 성취목표지향성, 그릿에서의 차이
Cluster Types of Perfectionism in Gifted Youth: Focusing on Big Five Personality Factors, Academic Achievement Goal Orientations, and Grit
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초록
본 연구는 영재 청소년을 대상으로 완벽주의의 하위유형이 어떻게 나타나는지 살펴보고, 이들 군집유형에 따라 성격 5요인과 학업적 성취목표지향성, 그리고 그릿에 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다. 영재 청소년의 완벽주의 성향의 유형은 4개 집단으로 구분되었으며 그 특성을 반영하여 ‘탁월성추구 완벽주의 집단’, ‘소극적 완벽주의 집단’, ‘자기반성적 완벽주의 집단’, ‘전형적 완벽주의 집단’으로 명명하였다. 각 군집이 학교급에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이는지 알아보기 위해 교차분석을 실시한 결과, 중학생 집단은 ‘건강한 완벽주의’를 나타내는 ‘탁월성추구 완벽주의 집단’의 비율이 높았지만, 고등학생 집단은 ‘신경증적 완벽주의’를 나타내는 ‘자기반성적 완벽주의 집단’의 비율이 높게 나타났다. 또한 영재 중학생과 고등학생의 완벽주의 성향에 따른 성격 5요인, 학업적 성취목표지향성, 그릿의 차이를 살펴본 결과, ‘탁월성추구 완벽주의 집단’이 ‘자기반성적 완벽주의 집단’에 비해 유의미하게 높은 외향성, 성실성, 꾸준한 노력을 나타냈다. 본 연구는 영재의 완벽주의 성향에 따른 집단의 구분과 이해를 통해 각 유형의 독특한 특성에 맞는 영재교육 프로그램 및 상담의 필요성을 시사하고 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the sub-groups of perfectionism of gifted youth through cluster analysis and to investigate differences of Big Five personality factors, academic achievement goal orientations, and grit among the sub-groups. Four cluster types were derived from the cluster analysis. There were a ‘perfectionist group striving for excellence’ which showed high level in ‘striving for excellence’ and ‘positive procrastination and planfulness’, ‘passive perfectionist group’ which showed low level in every sub-factor, 'self-reflectional perfectionist group’ which showed high level in ‘harsh self evaluation’ and ‘sensitivity to mistakes and rumination’, and ‘typical perfectionist group’ which showed high level in all sub-factors. While the ‘perfectionist group striving for excellence’ showed high levels of ‘conscientiousness’ and ‘perseverance of effort’, ‘self-reflectional perfectionist group’ showed the highest score of ‘neurosis’, having low score of ‘performance- approach goal’ and ‘perseverance of effort’. The study results suggest the need for gifted youth’s education programs and counseling to match each type’s unique characteristics according to their orientation toward perfectionism.
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