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영재 청소년의 완벽주의 척도 개발 및 타당화

Development and Validation of Perfectionism Scale for Gifted Youth

한기순|윤소영
한국영재학회 (The Korean Society For The Gifted)|2018.03|영재교육연구 (Journal of Gifted/Talented Education)|제28권 제1호|pp. 43-62|DOI 10.9722

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참고문헌

키워드

Scale Development타당화척도 개발완벽주의영재ValidationPerfectionismGifted Youth
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 영재 청소년이 나타내는 완벽주의의 속성을 이해하기 위하여 영재의 다양한 특성이 반영된 영재 청소년의 완벽주의 척도를 개발하고, 그 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위해, 영재 청소년을 대상으로 개방형 질문과 그룹인터뷰를 실시하여 요인과 문항을 추출하였고, 기존 완벽주의 척도(F-MPS, H-MPS, APS-R, PI)에서 같은 내용을 묻거나 동일한 문장이 중복되지 않도록 완벽주의 문항을 수집하여 추가하였다. 선정된 92개의 예비 기초문항을 대상으로 문항분석과 탐색적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, ‘실수에 대한 민감성과 반추’, ‘가혹한 자기 평가’, ‘지각된 주변의 기대’, ‘탁월성의 추구’, ‘타인에 대한 높은 기준’, ‘긍정적 지연과 계획성’의 6개 하위요인이 산출되었고 문항 선정 과정을 거쳐 최종 문항 36개의 척도를 구성하였다. 척도의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 영재 청소년을 대상으로 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 측정모형의 적합도가 양호함을 확인하였고, 한국판 PI의 하위요인과의 상관분석을 실시하여 공인타당도를 검증하였다. 따라서 영재 청소년의 완벽주의 척도는 영재의 특성 뿐 아니라 우리의 사회・문화적 실정을 반영하여 개발되었고 이를 타당화 하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 영재 청소년의 완벽주의 성향을 측정하는 도구로 활용될 가능성을 본 연구는 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

Considering that perfectionism is one of the most distinguishable tendencies of the gifted, understanding the tendency is crucial to the understanding the gifted. In order to understand the tendency, means to accurately measure the tendency needs to be established first. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a perfectionism scale for gifted youth that reflects various characteristics of the gifted. The questions and items were extracted from open-ended questionnaire and group interviews conducted on some gifted youth. And more perfectionism items were added later. Questions and sentences were chosen not to overlap the pre-existing perfectionism scale (F-MPS, H-MPS, APS-R, and PI). As a result of item analysis and exploratory factor analysis performed on 92 basic items, 6 sub-scales were extracted as follows; ‘Sensitivity to Mistakes and Rumination’, ‘Harsh Self Evaluation’, ‘Perceived Ambient Expectation’, ‘Striving for Excellence’, ‘High Standards for Others’, ‘Positive Procrastination and Planfulness’. Through item selection process, a scale that consists of 36 items was completed. As a result, Cronbach's α ranged from .72 to .89 for subscale of Perfectionism Scale for Gifted Youth and .90 for the total scale. The fit of measurement model was found to be χ2=1007.326 (df=541, p=.000), TLI=.912, CFI=.924, RMSEA=.046, indicating most of fit indexes were acceptable. Also, the validity of the scale was examined by the correlations between the Perfectionism Scale for Gifted Youth and PI Korean version. Perfectionism Scale for Gifted Youth is significant to confirm the factor structure and validity of perfectionism which was influenced by characteristics of gifted students. These results show that the Perfectionism Scale for Gifted Youth is quite reliable and valid tool for measuring perfectionism for gifted students.

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