메타인지, 학습판단 및 학습전략 사용정도가 중학교 과학 학업성취에 미치는 영향
The Effects of Metacognition, Judgments of Learning, and the Degree of Usage in Learning Strategies on the Science Achievement in Middle School
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이 연구의 목적은 메타인지와 학습판단, 학습전략의 사용정도가 실제점수를 예측하는 정도를 확인하는 것이다. 중학생 152명을 대상으로 기말고사 점수를 예상하게 하고 실제점수를 기준으로 4수준으로 분류했다. 수준별로 메타인지와 예상점수와 실제점수의 차이인 착각점수, 그리고 학습전략 사용정도 간의 차이를 각각 분석했다. 메타인지와 착각점수, 학습전략 사용정도가 실제점수를 예측하는 정도를 확인하기 위해 4가지 학습전략별로 중다회귀분석을 실시했다. 연구 결과, 메타인지와 착각점수는 성취수준별로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 실제점수는 메타인지와는 정적으로, 착각점수와는 부적으로 유의한 상관이 있었고, 착각점수와 메타인지는 유의한 부적 상관이 있었다. 학습전략의 사용정도에 있어 성취수준별 차이는 ‘연습시험’과 ‘자기설명’만 유의했다. 4가지 학습전략의 사용정도는 ‘연습시험’과 ‘자기설명’만 실제점수와 유의한 정적 상관이 있었고, ‘자기설명’만 착각점수와 유의한 상관이 있었으며, 메타인지와의 상관은 ‘반복읽기’만 유의하지 않았다. ‘강조/밑줄긋기’와 ‘반복읽기’의 사용정도는 예측변인으로서의 기능을 하지 못했다. 유용성 ‘상’ 전략인 ‘연습시험’은 학습하는 동안 학생들이 느끼는 ‘바람직한 어려움’ 경험으로 인해 우수한 학생이 사용하는 정도가 상대적으로 높기 때문에 그 사용정도에 따라 실제점수를 정적으로 유의하게 예측했다. 실제로 우수 학생과 열등 학생 간 사용정도에서 가장 큰 차이가 나는 전략은 ‘연습시험’으로 확인되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which metacognition(MC), judgments of learning(the gap score between predicted and actual = illusion score, IS), and the degree of usage in learning strategies predict actual scores. A total of 152 middle school students were asked to predict their scores. The students were divided into quartiles based on their actual scores. The differences in MC, IS, and the use of learning strategies were analyzed for each level. In addition, to check the extent to which MC, IS, and the use of learning strategies predict actual scores, the correlation between each variable was examined, and multiple regression analyses were conducted for each of the four learning strategies. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences in MC and IS by achievement level. Among the learning strategies used, 'practice testing(PT)' and 'self-explanation (S-E)' were significantly different by achievement level. Actual scores were positively correlated with MC and negatively correlated with IS, and there was a significant negative correlation between IS and MC. The use of the four learning strategies showed a significant positive correlation with actual scores only for PT and S-E, and a significant correlation with IS only for S-E, while the correlation with MC was not significant only for 'rereading(RR)'. The use of 'highlighting/underlining' and RR did not function as predictive variables. However, PT significantly positively predicted actual scores because the degree of its use was relatively high among excellent students due to the experience of 'desirable difficulties' during learning.
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