話頭의 내재적 구조 一考

Abstract

Ganhwa Seon is a practice method more concise and straightforward than any other, which is obviously a unique merit point of Ganhwa Seon. Holding up one subject as a key for solution and concentrating only on it is the most concise and simple method among the other self-oriented practice methods and also attaining directly the ultimate solution through hwadu is really the most effective and straightforward one. Then, how can we attain the power of breaking down the whole through penetrating only a piece of hwadu? As a result of this study I can sum up the following three points;The first point is the unique characteristic of hwadu investigation as the direct objective method. Ganhwa Seon pursues to directly accomplish the final target in terms of both investigation method and practicing objective. Unlike the other methods, in Ganhwa Seon there is not any gradual procedure defined such as the grade, the step or the state. It consistently seeks the final target, namely ultimate enlightenment through the unique method of hwadu investigation. Secondly, hwadu itself belongs to the realm of real Dharma. Hwadu is the targeted subject to be broken through and at the same time it has the same origin as all true nature if defined from the viewpoint based on true form of nature or one's true nature. The realms of existing phenomena are all derived from the fundamental origin and simultaneously the fundamental origin is contained in the realm of phenomena because it cannot survive by itself. Based upon this doctrine, the fundamental essence of hwadu contains the true Dharma of reality though its form belongs to the realm of phenomena. The third point is the feature of integrative aspects contained in hwadu. Since a single hwadu is interpenetrated and correlated with all realms of Dharma, complete enlightenment is realized if a piece of hwadu is broken through and realization of enlightenment enables us to master all Dharmas. Just like Indra’s net of the ten profound aspects doctrine where all the beads are shining on a single bead and the doctrine of the three thousand worlds in a single thought based on the Tiantai school where all the existences in the universe are contained in a thought, hwadu is the realm of true nature embracing the whole realms of Dharma. Therefore, if we break through a single hwadu, then we can attain perfect enlightenment by cutting off all of the ten thousands doubts.