혜암의 선사상적 특성에 관한 연구

Abstract

This paper is a study on the practice and thought of Hyeam Seonggwan慧菴性觀(1920-2001), along with his Buddhistic ideas of meditation, Hwadu話頭, and Gyeonsung見性. According to records, his life is summed up in three ways. First, he was a thoroughgoing person in his life and management. Second, he was a man who practice Seon禪 thoroughly as a Buddha’s disciple. Third, he was the master of Ganhwaseon看話禪, who devoted his life to enlightenment through practice. The basis of his performance is to maintain the best condition for Cham-Seon參禪. The practice is three things: eating a meal once a day一種食, Jangjwa-Bulwa長坐不臥, and working to keep the body healthy. In this world as a fire pit, all he has to do is to achieve enlightenment like Buddha and to save humankind. The practice on that is Ganhwaseon referring to Hwadu and it is the core of his Buddhist thought and performance. As for him, Buddhism is the greatest revolution for man, and Seon is the way of enlightenment to return to human nature. In order to return to human nature, a performer must abandon his anguish and delusions and gain Daemushim大無心, which leads to the enlightenment of Subitism頓悟頓修 through Hwadu. In Buddhism, there are methods to be Buddha such as meditation, dharani, reading sutra, Mukjoseon黙照禪, but Ganhwaseon is the best way. He insisted that all human beings, including other religions and atheists, should realize their Juingong主人公 through Chamseon. As for me, Chamseon is an effort to cultivate a clean mind in combination with nature, a solitary march, and a fierce struggle. Hwadu is the weapon for a struggle. It is also to get out of the mind and remove the side branches. The 1,700 public records in Transmission of the Lamp are equal value as Hwadu. Only one of these public records can lead to realization and become Buddha, above all, the vitality of Hwadu is not explained and cannot be explained. He made it clear that if someone explained or heard the topic, everyone would die. He advised a performer to do the following when referring to Hwadu when it is not going well. “If you manipulate ‘What is this?’ and study it, the lump of doubt becomes one, and if you go one step further from it, you'll attain enlightenment.” He also said, “The Korean traditional chamseon is not Mukjoseon included in Sagu 死句 but Ganhwaseon. Yeombul念佛, Mukjoseon, and susikgwan數息觀 are easy to practice, but it is difficult to build power of samadhi. The Korean authentic Seon explains the method of Subitism, that is, Hwakcheoldaeo廓徹大悟 without preaching other dharma, and other dharmas are not orthodox.” In other words, Buddhism is the greatest revolution for humans, and there is no Buddhism except for Chamseon. In order to escape from life and death, a performer must achieve ultimate enlightenment究竟覺, and the way to achieve Daemushim of ultimate enlightenment is meditation, and the best performance of meditation is Ganhwaseon that refers to a Hwadu. In other words, sudden Enlightenment頓悟 acquired through referring to a Hwadu is abhisaṃbuddha-bodhi證悟, nirvana, and ultimate enlightenment. Like this, he performed eating a meal once a day, Jangjwa-Bulwa長坐不臥, and working to keep the body moving smoothly as a performance to achieve enlightenment with broad faith. This is the performance of Dongjeong Ilyeo動靜一如. He din’t deviate from the tradition of reffering to a Hwadu, and was the master of the most exemplary Ganhwaseon.