Buddhism as the Force of Ideological Cohesion -Focusing on the Uses of Buddhism in Ancient India, North China under Central Asian Tuoba Wei ruler and Korea-
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The paper attempts to examine the role of Buddhism in facilitating ideological unity in ancient India, medieval China under the rule of the central Asian ethnic group of Tuoba Wei and early Korea. By tracing the flow of Buddhism from the land of its origin to North China, the direct source of Korean Buddhism, the paper l provides a comparative and cross-cultural understanding of the ways in which a dialectical relationship between the ruling elites and Buddhist clergy evolved and Buddhism sustained both urban spirit and the centralized monarchical structure. King Asoka patronized Buddhism because the broad-based worldview of Buddhism conformed to his own imperial ideology of religious tolerance and ideological cohesion., Unlike Brahamnical faith (later named as Hinduism) that did not recognize the urban reality and the related social, political and economic changes of North India, Buddhism came to terms with these changes and authenticated the status of merchants who were crucial to the forces of urbanization. A close study of the Topa Wei rulers of the Norther Wei Dynasty reveals that they patronised Buddhism primarily because of its perceived efficacy in consolidating their hold over power. They invoked the notion of cakravartin (universal ruler), subordinated Buddhism to the serve the political interests the state and gave authority to the belief in the Maitreya’s descent on the earth for assuring the people of a reign of peace and prosperity. It is apparent that this Northern Wei form of Buddhism was relevant to the political and social needs of the early Korean states. After its introduction to the Korean peninsula Buddhism facilitated ideological unity and social cohesion and underpinned centralised polity. The study also demonstrates that the Buddhist world in the ancient and medieval era streching from India to the Korean peninsula represented a much more cohesive cultural space than is often imagined.
Abstract
The paper attempts to examine the role of Buddhism in facilitating ideological unity in ancient India, medieval China under the rule of the central Asian ethnic group of Tuoba Wei and early Korea. By tracing the flow of Buddhism from the land of its origin to North China, the direct source of Korean Buddhism, the paper l provides a comparative and cross-cultural understanding of the ways in which a dialectical relationship between the ruling elites and Buddhist clergy evolved and Buddhism sustained both urban spirit and the centralized monarchical structure. King Asoka patronized Buddhism because the broad-based worldview of Buddhism conformed to his own imperial ideology of religious tolerance and ideological cohesion., Unlike Brahamnical faith (later named as Hinduism) that did not recognize the urban reality and the related social, political and economic changes of North India, Buddhism came to terms with these changes and authenticated the status of merchants who were crucial to the forces of urbanization. A close study of the Topa Wei rulers of the Norther Wei Dynasty reveals that they patronised Buddhism primarily because of its perceived efficacy in consolidating their hold over power. They invoked the notion of cakravartin (universal ruler), subordinated Buddhism to the serve the political interests the state and gave authority to the belief in the Maitreya’s descent on the earth for assuring the people of a reign of peace and prosperity. It is apparent that this Northern Wei form of Buddhism was relevant to the political and social needs of the early Korean states. After its introduction to the Korean peninsula Buddhism facilitated ideological unity and social cohesion and underpinned centralised polity. The study also demonstrates that the Buddhist world in the ancient and medieval era streching from India to the Korean peninsula represented a much more cohesive cultural space than is often imagined.
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