다섯 음식의 비유와 5시의 불교

Abstract

This paper investigates multiple teaching taxonomies (Panjiao, 判敎) of the Southern dynasties especially focusing on the chronological order of Buddhist teachings regarding the Five Teaching periods. Panjiao is a concept which has multi-layered meanings formed in various historical contexts. Therefore, this paper raises a question regarding Panjiao and whether or not, with its varied uses throughout Chinese Buddhism, it can be understood as a single concept. Multiple contexts and purposes of the term is too wide to be fit into a single category. The classification of Buddhist teachings of early East Asian Buddhism was the natural result of interpreting Buddhist scriptures within a particular social and historical background. The scriptures as well as their interpretations were often enhanced to establish the unique ideology system of the time. The teachings of the Five Periods of the southern dynasties were formed in the context of the Five Foods analogy, much of which was naturally derived from the Nirvāṇa Sūtra. The classification of Buddhist teachings during the Five periods was neither a specific methodology for systemizing the structure of their own doctrines nor a particular tool for consolidating the superiority of their own schools. It was rather a hermeneutic framework used in interpreting the contents of various Buddhist scriptures. Thus, criteria for classifying Buddhist scriptures could coexist compatibly, even if they seemed to contradict on occasion. The interpretation of the scriptures was not independent but organically connected to the interpreter's own perspectives.