중국 근대불교에 미친 베르그송 철학의 영향

Abstract

This article aims to examine the influence of Bergson's philosophy on Modern Chinese Buddhism, focusing on modern Consciousness-Only theory and Neo Consciousness-Only theory. Bergson's philosophy was accepted as anti-feudalist in the early thoughts of Lee Dae-jo and Jin Dok-soo during the May Fourth Movement. It is presumed that this acted as a positive factor for Bergson’s philosophy and helped it to be actively accepted. In the study of Consciousness-Only theory that took place along with the revival of Modern Chinese Buddhism, it was judged that Bergson's philosophy and Consciousness-Only theory helped to clarify each other's ideas. However, in new Consciousness-Only theory, there are aspects of Bergson's philosophy which are both accepted and criticized. New Consciousness-Only theory and Bergson's philosophy have many similarities regarding substance-function theory and methodology. They both consider the universe as a dynamic force of life and the mechanism of non-stop creation. They classify the universe into two types of forces: life energy and material energy. The two theories also utilize a similar philosophical methodology. However, there is one great difference between the two ideas. According to the main theory of new Consciousness-Only theory Bergson’s theory of substance is instantaneously both alive and extinct. Life is also different from blind impulses and congruent impulses. Furthermore, moral cosmology raises questions against Bergson’s immoral universe. This paper maintains that these differences are more important than the similarities. This is because the decisive difference between Eastern and Western philosophy depends on whether the universe is viewed as moral or non-moral. Xiong Xhi-li proclaimed that modern Confucianism and modern Buddhism are superior to Western philosophy.