중관학(中觀學)에 대한 웅십력의 비판과 논쟁

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to examine the critical views on Mādhyamakahrdaya of the philosophy of Xiong Xhi-Li (熊⼗⼒) in the modern period of China. At that time, there were conflicting evaluations of Mādhyamakahrdaya. Xiong Xhi-Li criticized Mādhyamakahrdaya in three aspects. First, it is a failure of ‘Poxiang Xianxing(破相顯性)’. It was said that making ‘dharma nature (法性)’ as emptiness(空) means that ‘self nature(⾃性)’ does not exist, but dharma nature cannot be an empty nature. Second, Mādhyamakahrdaya have made the mistake of abolishing the phenomenon. In Mādhyamakahrdaya, the phenomenon was abolished in pursuit of only essence(體), which is related to the view of dharma nature as ‘tranquil serenity(寂靜)’. The third is a critique of nihilism, and it is said that in Mādhyamakahrdaya, the phenomenon is regarded as illusion and fell into nihilism. Scholars in Mādhyamakahrdaya did not explore the true origin of the phenomenon, and criticized that it cannot be said to be empty if the phenomenon does not have itself. Through these criticisms, Xiong Xhi-Li tried to establish its own philosophy of essence(體). In response to this, Yin Shun(印順) denied the theory of true mind(眞⼼論) of Xiong Xhi-Li from the standpoint of anātman(無我論). Yin Shun evaluated that the philosophy of Xiong Xhi-Li emphasized only the position of The Awakening of Faith, which is the basis of traditional Chinese Buddhism, and deliberately criticized Mādhyamakahrdaya. Yin Shun conscientiously convened Buddhism from the point of view of Mādhyamakahrdaya (中觀學), but it can be said that Xiong Xhi-Li fused Buddhism from the point of ‘Dharma Nature School’(性宗). The ideology of non-duality in essence and fuction (體⽤不 ⼆) of Xiong Xhi-Li can be said to criticize Indian Buddhism from the point of view of Chinese Buddhism, and it can be said to criticize the ideology of Mādhyamakahrdaya from the point of doctrine of tathāta dependent origination (眞如緣起論).