芬皇 元曉의 和會論法 탐구- ‘門’과 ‘論’을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to specify ‘Dispute Reconciliation Logic’that is a representative characteristic of Bunhwang Wonhyo(617-686) whois known as ‘dispute reconciliation national priest’ or ‘a disputant ofReconciliation and Interpenetration’(和會論師). Bunhwang Wonhyo(617-686) who lived in Sinra of East Asia in the 7th century was thephilosopher who practiced the right discernment on the right opinion. Hedestructed the partial understanding about and biased recognition overvarious schools and themes of Buddhism. Wonhyo asserted that thesubject of dispute reconciliation was the wrong recognition over andwrong opinion about the Buddhist theory so it is necessary to transferthe recognition and adopt the dispute reconciliation method in order toescape from the wrong recognition and wrong opinion. He asserted,“Escape from the finite mind and look at the infinite doctrine withoutsubstance to set the unchangeable true nature.”Wonhyo deeply reviewed the issues about the different theories ofBuddhism proposed by the Buddhist world of East Asia such as thedifferent a sect(敎門) between Madyamika and Vinanavada, the conflictbetween old translation and new translation of Vinanavada, theconfrontation between one vehicle and three vehicles and theconfrontation regarding the existence of Buddha nature. He identified thatthe causes of dispute depend on the different opinions about the Buddhisttheories. He created the logic of dispute reconciliation and the theory of harmony in order to overcome the different opinions about the Buddhisttheories. The ground and direction for the logic of dispute reconciliationand the logic of harmony that was established by Wonhyo to solve theconfrontation and conflict depend on ‘integration of partial understanding’,‘single taste conclusion of various flows’, ‘utmost impartial expand ofBuddha’s intention’ and ‘harmony of various insistence of a hundred sect’. In order to remove the obstinacy, holding to things as realities(法執),misunderstanding and bias of people, Wonhyo categorized them with4-phrase logics and established the ‘gate’ to reconcile each assertion. Inthe process, he proposed the logic to reconcile and harmonize the differentassertions from each ‘gate’ such as ‘school’ or ‘series’ on the basis ofBuddha’s mid way doctrine. Wonhyo reconciled the disputes by quotinga sect of interdependence(依持門) and a sect of arising from conditionalcausation(緣起門) from Bulsungyumuwhajaengmun(佛性有無和諍門), whichis the second gate of existing the Sipmunwhajaengron(十門和諍論). In theYeolbangyungjongyo(涅槃經宗要), he searched for the harmony byquoting to discourse upon of depend on mind(就心論) and to discourseupon on the basis of condition(約緣論). Wonhyo said that a sect ofinterdependence sees the relationship between ‘truth’ and ‘convention’from the viewpoint of the discrimination between large air and wind soaccording to a sect of interdependence, the people without the Buddha’snature exhibit. However, a sect of arising from conditional causation seesthe relationship between ‘truth’ and ‘convention’ from the viewpoint thatlarge sea and wave are same so all people have the Buddha’s nature. Afterall, to discourse upon without of nature(無性論) is asserted according toa sect of interdependence and to discourse upon to have the nature(有性論) is asserted according to a sect of arising from conditional causation. Wonhyo harmonized the positions of to discourse upon without of natureand to discourse upon to have the nature by admitting their rightnesswithout mutual disturbance. In this way, Wonhyo showed that sharingand harmonious life can be realized on the basis of the general recognition over and synthetic understanding about two gates. It is the part showingthat the person who sees ‘entire’ can mention integration and the personwho sees ‘essence’ can practice reconciliation. According to Wonhyo, we can open a new world when the conflictis cured and sharing practice is completed through dispute reconciliationand harmony. The process that ordinary person is reborn as Bodhisattvais the journey that the patient receiving treatment and prescription ischanged into the doctor giving treatment and prescription. Wonhyo showsthe way of sharing life through the theory and logic of disputereconciliation and harmony. He asserted that we have to escape from theobsession with true nature and ownership in order to have a liberal lifeof vimukti. Furthermore, he asserted that the way for coexisting life andsympathetic life is available by realizing the reality beyond the equationof language and existence accomplished in fixed recognition.