원효 「공유화쟁문」의 화쟁론 체계 연구 - 불이공지유 개념을 통한 사구긍정을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study was conducted based on the viewpoint that the theory of reconciliation of Wonhyo, a prominent master of the State from the Unified Silla Dynasty, was written for the purpose communication and harmony of Buddhist doctrine. Among the remainder of the Reconciliation of Ten Questions (十門和諍論), it is based on a literary consideration and logical analysis of Reconciliation of Emptiness and Existence (空有和諍門), which retains some form of reconciliation. On the premise of recognizing emptiness through denial, Wonhyo has demonstrated the affirmation of four phrases, based on the concept of ‘existence not different from emptiness’ (不異空之有) which states that there is no difference between the emptiness of the reason of knowing beyond language, and the existence of the reason of relying on language. In other words, Wonhyo used the method of denial, the elimination of form and its karma for cognition of emptiness, and laid the foundation for reconciliation by presenting the concept of ‘not different’ (不異) that emptiness and existence are not different. By revealing that four phrases are affirmed on the basis of this perception of emptiness and ‘not different’, it can be said that the conventional four phrase negation, which was used commercially in scriptures and various treatises, has been developed one step further. It is original and profound in that it reinterprets and develops traditional Buddhist thought. Moreover, this philosophical development is not only meaningful within the boundaries of Buddhist theory, but also extends to the general theory of philosophy. In addition, emptiness, not different, and the affirmation of four phrases are the core ideas of Buddhism and a subject of great philosophical generalization. In the future, more in-depth research on them will be needed to find connections with Western philosophy and to synthesize them.