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동남아의 분리주의와 갈등관리의 정치적 동학：태국과 필리핀의 사례 비교

Political Dynamics of Separatism and Conflict Management in Southeast Asia: Comparative Study of Thailand and the Philippines

이동윤
분쟁해결연구센터 (Dankook Center for Dispute Resolution)|2011.12|분쟁해결연구 (Dispute Resolution Studies Review)|제9권 제3호|pp. 153-185|DOI 10.16958/drsr.2011.9.3.153

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참고문헌

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갈등관리Conflict Management필리핀Southeast Asia태국ThailandSeparatism동남아분리주의Philippine

초록

이 연구는 태국과 필리핀 남부지역에서 발생하고 있는 이슬람 분리주의 운동과 폭력 사태의 원인 및 전개과정을 살펴보고, 갈등관리 차원에서 갈등을 완화하고 해소할 수 있는 대안을 모색하는데 주요 목적이 있다. 태국과 필리핀 남부지역의 분리주의 운동과 폭력 사태는 역사적·문화적으로 오랜 연원을 지니고 있으며, 민족적·종교적 요인과 정치·경제적 요인이 복합적으로 작용하여 잠재적 갈등과 현시적 폭력이 동반하는 연속적·불규칙적 갈등 양상을 표출하고 있다. 특히 이들 국가들에서 중앙정부의 지배를 목적으로 한 강압적 통합정책은 남부지역 소수 무슬림 주민들의 종교적 삶과 문화적 정체성의 위기감을 초래함으로써 집단적 저항과 갈등을 불러일으키고 무장투쟁을 야기하였다. 따라서 이러한 분리주의 운동과 지역갈등을 해소하기 위한 정부의 통합정책은 물리력을 동원한 강압·진압 전략보다 대화를 통한 타협과 절충 전략이 추진되어야 하며, 궁극적으로 통합·협력 전략을 통해 갈등의 원인이 완전히 제거·해소되는 갈등관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the origin and process of Islamic separatism and violence conflict in the Southern region of Thailand and the Philippines, and to grope for alternatives to diminish and dissolve the conflicts in the dimension of conflict management. Separatism and violence conflict, which is effected by national-religious factors and political-economical factors in the region, has long historical and cultural origin, and expresses continual and irregular conflict with accompanied by latent conflict and present violence. Especially, coercive integration policy for center-directed control in each state, brought about a sense of crisis of minor islamic residents in their religious life and cultural identity in the Southern region, and touched off collective resistance, conflict, and armed struggle. For resolving the problem of separatism and regional conflict in the region, therefore,government’s integration policy must be compromise strategy through the dialogue among conflict actors rather than coercion and suppression strategy, and ultimately needs to drive the conflict management by cooperation and integration strategy for exclusion and settlement of conflict.

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