지역적 자본주의와 전 지구적 기술과학: 전 지구적 변화의 힘으로 통제 가능한가
Regional Capitalisms and Global Technoscience: Controllable or Uncontrollable Forces of Planetary Change?
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이 글은 현재의 자본주의와 기술과학에 대해 살펴보고 긴급을 요구하는 전 지구적인 문제에 비추어 이것이 어떠해야 하는지 검토한다. 이 글에서는 중국, 북유럽국가, 독일, 미국의 자본주의 모델을 지역적 자본주의로 보고 국가, 복지국가, 자유시장 자본주의의 구성을 서로 구별 지으면서, 다음 두 갈래의 질문을 다룬다. 자본주의는 모든 사람에게 물질적 부를 제공하고 대중의 복리에 봉사할 수 있는가? 이에 대한 논의는 기후 변화와 불평등에 대한 가톨릭 회칙의 입장을 포함한다. 그런 다음 과학, 기술 및 기술과학을 정의하고, 환경 악화 문제와 관련 지어 기술과학을 평가한다. 여기서 기본적인 물음은 기술과학이 모든 사회를 자연과 조화롭게 가져갈 수 있냐는 것이다. 결론적으로 위 두 가지 주요 물음에 대해 답을 제시하고 다음의 주요 이슈를 천착한다. 자본주의와 기술과학의 결합한 두 힘은 통제 가능한가 아니면 불가능한가? 이 글은 현재 인간이 처한 곤경은 매우 심각하지만, 희망이 없지는 않다고 결론 내린다.
Abstract
This article examines capitalism and technoscience as they are and explores how they should be in light of pressing global problems. Considering Chinese, Nordic, German, and American models of capitalism as regional capitalisms and distinguishing the formations of state, welfare state, and free market capitalisms, the two-pronged question is tackled: Can capitalism deliver material wealth to all people and serve the commonweal? The discussion incorporates the position of the Catholic Encyclical on climate change and inequality. Science, technology, and technoscience are then defined and technoscience is evaluated in relation to the challenge of environmental degradation. Here, the basic question is: Is technoscience capable of bringing all societies into balance with nature? Finally, answers to both leading questions are provided and the overall issue is broached: Are the combined forces of capitalism and technoscience controllable or uncontrollable? This article concludes that the contemporary human predicament is dire but not hopeless.
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