영국사 속 젠더×나이의 교차성 연구 경향과 전망 - 근대 초 노년 여성에 관한 연구를 중심으로 -
Trends and Prospects in Researches on the Intersectionality of Gender and Age in British History - Studies of Old Women in the Early Modern Period -
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본 논문의 목적은 근대 초 영국의 노년 여성사 연구의 문제의식과 주요 흐름을 살펴봄으로써 젠더×나이 범주의 교차성 연구가 역사학의 지평을 넓힐 방법론적 가능성을 전망해 보는 것이다. 노년 여성의 역사 연구는 노년사와 여성사에서 출발했지만, 그 바탕에는 ‘여성 없는 노년사’, ‘노년 없는 여성사’라는 문제의식이 놓여 있었다. 이런 가운데 연구는 남성과는 다른 노년기 정의 및 인식부터 독립적인 노년 여성의 삶과 경험, 타자화된 몸과 부정적인 섹슈얼리티 담론에 이르기까지 노년이자 여성인 역사 주체의 독특성을 밝히고 있다. 나아가 범주의 교차성을 분석한다면 역사에서 배제된 존재를 복원하는 것 이상을 얻을 수 있음을 입증하고 있다. 우선, 여성 노년사 연구는 남성 중심의 노년사를 해체하고 노화와 노년기를 재해석할 새로운 시각과 접근법을 제시함으로써 노년의 역사학은 물론이고 세대 간 연구, ‘나이의 역사’ 연구를 풍부하게 만든다. 다음으로, 노년 여성사 연구는 여성 범주에 나이를 교차하여 더 다양한 여성 삶과 정체성을 드러낼 뿐 아니라 나이가 들어가면서 변화하는 경험까지 파악함으로써 여성/젠더사 연구에 깊이를 더한다. 끝으로, 젠더×나이의 교차성 연구는 각 시대의 다른 면모나 이면을 짚어내어 기존 시대사를 재조명할 기회를 부여한다. 다시 말해, 이런 범주의 교차로와 그에 따른 중층의 위계 및 권력관계를 포착함으로써 역사를 바라보는 더 큰 통찰력을 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
This paper aims to examine the issues and major trends in the studies of older women in early modern England in order to consider the methodological possibilities that the intersectionality of gender and age categories offers for the history of women and the history of ageing. The studies of the history of older women has its origins in the history of old age and women’s history. However, it also challenges the notion of “old age history without women” and “women’s history without old age.” These have illuminated the distinctiveness of historical subjects who are both old and female. This includes the differing definitions of old age between men and women, the independent lives of older women, and discourses on othered bodies and negative sexuality. Moreover, these studies illustrate that examining the intersectionality of these categories offers several possibilities. In other words, by capturing the intersection of these categories and their hierarchies, we can gain greater insight into history.
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