『日語類解』의 일본어 표기와 음운에 대하여

Abstract

This research surveyed Korean spelling of Japanese syllables in ileoyuhae and then tried to review how sound and phoneme of each Japanese word was transcribed. The analysis results on transcription of Japanese voiceless sound, voiced sound, semi-voiced sound, double consonant, and prolonged sound in ileoyuhae were as follows. Japanese vowel syllables in ア row․イ row․オ row(a i o) in ileoyuhae almost correspond to the transcription in 『waeeoyuhae』. But Japanese transcription of ウ row syllables in waeeoyuhae is vowel [ɰ] while in ileoyuhae is round vowel [u.]. Also Japanese transcription of エ row syllables in waeeoyuhae is mostly vowel [-yəi] while in ileoyuhae is mostly vowel [-əi]. For transcription of voiced sound in ileoyuhae, ガ line was recorded adding s(ㅅ) before consonant of k [ㅅㄱ]. ザ line was recorded 싸씨쑤쎄쏘 adding s before consonant of s [ㅅㅅ]. ダ line was recorded adding s before consonant of t [ㅅㄷ]. バ line was recorded adding s before consonant of p [ㅅㅂ]. As the author described in the explanatory notes in the opening part of ileoyuhae, I assume that this transcription of voiced sound did not intend to write actual pronunciation of voiced sound but only gave a guidance for convenience. For transcription of Japanese semi-voiced sound in ileoyuhae, it is general to write [ㅂ](p) which is the final consonant of front syllable of [ㅂ](p). However, in waeeoyuhae which was a base text for ileoyuhae, most of transcription of semi-voiced sound were written the final consonant〔ㄷ〕(t) of front syllable of which are included into voiced sound パ line. For transcription of Japanese double consonant in ileoyuhae, most of them were written [ㅅ](s) which was equivalent to the final consonant of Korean syllables. But in the case where カ line comes after double consonant, [ㄱ](k) is used as a final consonant. It is in a contrast with the transcription in waeeoyuhae where mostly recorded [ㄷ](t). For transcription of カ line contracted sound, Matsumura(松村明) said that there had remained the vestiges of distinguishing between 「カ」 and 「クヮ」, 「ガ」 and 「グヮ」 until the early days of Meiji era as a rule for educated class. Such a use was one of characteristics in phoneme of Edo dialect(江戶語). Accordingly, to clearly distinguish between 「カ」 and 「クヮ」, 「ガ」 and 「グヮ」 which are the transcription of 直音 shows the consciousness faithful to rule and also reflects the characteristic of Tokyo dialect in the Taisho period(大正期, the early 1900ties) well. For prolonged sound, contracted sounds for ウ and オ row prolonged sounds were written as separated letters(かな) of Japanese contracted sound in many cases, for example, shower, 驟雨(上2オ si-yu-'u-'u, yu-'u-sta-ci) autumn, 秋(上3オ si-yu-'u) in ileoyuhae. There is high possibility that this transcription would be the means for correct pronunciation by dismantling Korean syllables. I think that this kind of transcription is related to these facts - as said by Yasuda Akira(安田章) above-mentioned, 「'i-'u」 「si-'u」 ̕for 「dayfly, 蜉蝣」 「mediation, 周旋」 in waeeoyuhae is pronounced in syllables separated each other(割って) in case of a situation demanding courtesy; For transcription of カ line contracted sound, as Matsumura Akira(松村明) said, there had remained the vestiges of distinguishing between 「カ」 and 「クヮ」, 「ガ」 and 「グヮ」 which were the transcription of 直音 until the early days of Meiji era as a rule for educated class, as shown in ileoyuhae. wae-eo-yu-hae il-eo- yu-hae