19세기 한국유학자 홍석주의 노자관 연구 - 실용주의적 학문관을 중심으로

Abstract

Hong-Seokjoo is an orthodox Confucian in 18-19th century of Korea. However, He criticizes the Neo-Confucian who advocates theories of Li(理), Qi(氣), Nature(性) and Fate(命), pointing out their emptiness, false and ambiguity. He thinks that their learning tendencies lacking practice of the principle of righteousness they insisted. Therefor, he efforts to resurrect of the primitive Confucianism. He thinks that the primitive Confucianism having lots of practical principles, especially the principle of cultivating oneself and governing a country. In 『Jungro(訂老)』, He says that Laozi is not heresy, Laozi’s Dao(道) is the same thing of Kongzi’s one, and Laozi’s book is the book of cultivating oneself and governing a country. He thinks that Laozi didn’t deny true ‘Benevolence(仁), Righteousness(義), Propriety(禮), Wisdom(智)’, but denied false one in the spring and autumn period. He says that Laozi is a benevolent person(仁者) and 『Laozi』 is a book about the theory of governing with benevolence(仁術之書). He rates highly the principle of ‘Benevolence(慈), Frugality(儉), Modesty(謙), Warless(不爭)’ in 『Laozi』. He says that if people had these principles, there were no division in ancient china. Especially, he recommends all Confucian to practice ‘Effect vacuity to the extreme, Keep stillness whole(致虛極, 守靜篤)’ in 『Laozi』 for preserving heart. He has an open, practical and empirical attitude towards learning. He annotates 『Laozi』 regarded a heresy book, refutes customary theory about Laozi and 『Laozi』, and recommends to accept the practical theory of Laozi and 『Laozi』. In view of these facts, 『Jungro』 reflects well his practical view of learning.