이중구속(double bind)에 대한 목회상담학적 접근

Abstract

This paper attempts to understand the basic dilemma of human existence and its resolution using the concept of double bind which originally has been used in the area of family therapy. The focus of this paper is to see the possibility of analogy between the psychological approach and the theological approach toward understanding the human predicament and its resolution. I introduced a case to illustrate the concept of double bind, and I extended the concept to the theological understanding of the predicament of human existence delineated by P. Tillich. Then I related these two approaches to a pastoral psychological approach to religious attitudes. Ann and Barry Ulanov uses the concept of moral masochism, which was originally developed in psychoanalysis, to a person's defensive attitude of religious life. It is a defense against a double bind situation, which in reality withdraws from religious commitment by escaping into legalistic oppression of self. In the next half of the paper I introduced the three approaches which attempt to resolve the double bind. Viginia Satir as a family therapist used a communication theory to explain the dysfunctional relations as expressed in double bind communications and to overcome them. I introduced Paul Tillich's theological approach to overcome human dilemma. He calls faith 'transcendent union' with the Spirit of God. Transcendence of God is experienced as a grace by a person, who participates in the Spirit's transcendent creativity to overcome the human predicament of double bind. Ulanov argues that a true religious submission is a transcendent attitude against a defensive sadism or masochism. Through this paper I warn against a cheap submission of a legalistic religion, and suggest that the affirmation of the self and the other is a necessary step toward a real religious submission