피사의 크리스틴과 ‘여성에 대한 논쟁’
Christine de Pizan and the ‘Debate over Women’
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‘장미의 사랑의 논쟁’ 또는 ‘장미의 논쟁’은 1401-2년 사이에 파리의 엘리트 지성인들 사이에서 주고받은 일련의 서신들을 통해 일어났다. 그것은 문학사에서 여성의 본성과 지위에 대한 최초의 논쟁들 중의 하나이다. 『장미의 사랑』은 13세기 기욤 드 로리스가 썼고 후대에 장 드 멩이 이어서 완성한 것으로서 중세 후반 서구 유럽에서 가장 영향력 있고 널리 유포된 책들 중의 하나였다. 『장미의 사랑』은 궁정식 사랑의 관습을 풍자하면서 또한 여성을 단지 유혹자로 묘사하였다. 피사의 크리스틴은 특히 장 드 멩의 우의적 시에 나타난 저속한 용어 사용에 대해서 반박하였다. 그녀는 이 용어들이 남성과 여성의 고유하고 자연스러운 기능을 훼손시키며, 그런 언어는 여성들에게 적합하지 않다고 주장하였다. 크리스틴은 모든 여성들이 지위를 불문하고 남성이 지배하는 사회에서 반 여성적이고 가부장적인 전통에 대항하는 구체적인 전략을 제공하였다. 그녀는 여성옹호자로서 모든 여성들이 여성혐오적 편견에 대응함으로써 여성의 정체성을 갖도록 용기를 북돋아주었으며, 후대의 여성들이 그녀의 발자취를 따라오도록 길을 닦았다. 서론에 이어 제2장에서는 다양한 중세의 여성관과 여성의 지위와 역할에 대해 살펴볼 것이다. 제3장의 제목은 ‘장미의 논쟁’인데 피사의 크리스틴이라는 여성 전문작가에 의해 시작된 것이다. 제4장은 여성의 정체성, 여성의 교육, 그리고 여성의 역사라는 세 범주에 초점을 맞추어 피사의 크리스틴의 여성옹호의 주장을 다룬다. 제5장은 여성주의적 논점과 관련되는 피사의 크리스틴의 사상을 평가하는 결론적 진술로 논문을 마무리할 것이다.
Abstract
The 'Debate of the Romance of the Rose'(débat sur le Roman de la rose)- also called the 'Quarrel of the Rose'(querelle de la rose)- occurred during the years of 1401-2 through a series of letters exchanged among the elite Parisan intellectuals. It was one of the first debates about the nature and status of women in literary history. The Romance of the Rose, written in the thirteenth century by Guillaume de Lorris and later continued and completed by Jean de Meung, was one of the most influential and widely circulated works in western Europe in the late Middle Ages. The Romance of the Rose satirized the conventions of courtly love while also depicting women as nothing more than seducers. Christine de Pizan specifically objected to the use of vulgar terms in Jean de Meung's allegorical poem. She argued that these terms denigrated the proper and natural function of sexuality, and that such language was inappropriate for women. Christine effectively presented a concrete strategy that allowed all women, regardless of their status, to react against the anti-feminine, patriarchal tradition in the male-dominated society. She, as a defender of women, encourged all women to embrace feminine identity by counteracting misogynist prejudice, and paved the way for later women who would follow in her footsteps. After introductory notes, we will consider, in the chapter 2, various views on women in the Medieval world and the status and role of women. Then we move to chapter 3 of which the title is the 'Quarrel of the Rose,' initiated by a certain female professional writer called Christine de Pizan. Chapter 4 deals with Christine's claims for the defence of women focused on three categories such as the identity of women, the education of women, and the history of women. Chapter 5 will be a concluding remarks evaluating Christine de Pizan's thought in terms of feminist issues.
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