칸트의 이성종교 이해- 바람의 대상과 두 가지 이율배반을 중심으로

Abstract

For Kant, religion is related to hope or wish. In connection with moral duty, what human can hope are two things. One is accomplishment of moral mission, which leads to the state of a saint or of a perfectly free being. The other is the hope for happiness. These two kinds of hopes are antinomies, in so far as they are respectively cannot and should not be wanted at first. To be a perfectly free person is not to be expected because of unremovable human inclination for evil. However, we have to push to reach it, because the commandment does not command what is impossible to do. So it is impossible and possible at the same time. This is an antinomy of external help and internal self-accomplishment. Here comes the necessity of non-autonomous grace of pardon or prosecution even in order to make endless efforts for the goal of moral being. Another asking for grace appears on the level of the highest and total good, which adds the good of happiness to the expected moral perfection. In so far as the universal moral law, which obliges us to realize the ideal of moral perfection on our own, is the fact of reason, the existence of God is but to be necessary. Like this, he who does its best to reach the reality of the ideal gets to believe the grace of God. This belief is comprehension, which is not theoretical knowledge but practical conviction. Religion, for Kant, is for the moral and by the moral.