국제분쟁에 대한 유엔 총회의 역할 탐색 : 우크라이나 전쟁 사례
Roles of United Nation General Assembly : Case study of Ukraine War
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본 연구는 2022년 2월 발발한 러시아-우크라이나 전쟁과 분쟁에 대응하는 국제기구의 역할을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 분쟁과 국제기구 간 관계에 대한 기존 논의를 확인하고, 우크라이나 전쟁이 촉발한 국제기구의 최근 활동에 대해 살펴본다. 특히 UN 총회는 안전보장 이사회의 상임이사국 거부권 행사에 대해 유엔 총회의 견제 역할을 강조하는 4월 26일 결의안을 통과시켰고, 이는 제한적이지만 기존의 유엔 개혁에 대한 진일보한 활동으로 평가된다. 우크라이나 전쟁 직후 안전보장이사회의 상임이사국 중 하나인 러시아의 지속적인 반대로 유엔 차원에서의 강력한 우크라이나 지원 및 러시아 규탄이 나타나지 않았다. 이에 대한 대응으로 유엔 총회는 안전보장이사회의 상임이사국 거부권 행사 행위를 총회에서 설명해야하는 결의안을 채택하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 국제기구가 분쟁발발을 억지하거나 분쟁을 종식시키는 적극적 역할을 수행하기 어렵지만 국제분쟁이 국제기구의 기존 개혁논의를 촉진시켜 분쟁에 대응하는 국제기구의 역할을 다각화하는 요인이라는 점을 제시한다.
Abstract
This study aims to examine the role of international organizations in responding to the Russia-Ukraine war and conflict that broke out in February 2022. This study confirms the existing discussion on the relationship between conflict and international organizations and examines the recent activities of international organizations triggered by the Ukraine war. In particular, the impact of international disputes on international organizations was explained through the April 26 resolution emphasizing the role of the UN General Assembly as a check on the exercise of the veto by the permanent members of the Security Council as decided by the UN General Assembly. After the war in Ukraine, strong opposition from Russia, one of the Security Council's permanent members, did not show strong support for Ukraine and condemned Russia at the UN level. In response, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution requiring the General Assembly to explain the exercise of the veto by the Security Council's permanent members. Although it is difficult for international organizations to play an active role in deterring the outbreak of disputes or ending disputes, international disputes are a factor in diversifying the role of international organizations in responding to conflicts by facilitating discussions on the reform of existing international organizations.
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