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정보기술 혁신과 은행업의 변화에 관한 고찰

A Study on Information Technology Innovation and Changes in Banking Industry

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한국지급결제학회 (KPSA(Korean Payment & Settlement Association))|2019.12|지급결제학회지 (Journal of Payment and Settlement)|제11권 제2호|pp. 109-152

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참고문헌

키워드

인공지능가상화폐핀테크스마트폰Artificial IntelligenceSmartphoneInformation Asymmetry정보의 비대칭성Fintech자금결제Financial Products금융상품Crypto CurrencyMoney Payment

초록

금융기관들은 지속가능 성장을 위해 앞으로 여러 가지 과제를 극복해 나가는 것이 요구된다. 즉, IT의 발전에 의해 초래된 기업과 소비자 간의 ‘정보의 비대칭성’ 감소에 따른 상품선택과 관련된 주도권이 소비자로의 전환, 핀테크의 대두나 가상화폐의 보급, 스마트폰을 통한 금융서비스로의 접근의 증가를 통한 고객 인터페이스 상실, 상품구입에 대한 자금결제의 영향력 저하로 인한 수익성의 저하 및 인공지능 발전에 따른 금융 비즈니스 경쟁환경의 변화라는 과제에 대해 금융기관들은 전략적으로 대응해 나갈 것이다. 금융기관에 있어 금융 비즈니스를 하는 데 가장 중요한 과제가 되는 것은 고객과의 인터페이스를 어떻게 구축하고 유지해 나갈 것인가 하는 점이 될 것이다. 왜냐하면 고객과의 접점을 갖는 것은 금융상품이나 서비스를 구입하기 위한 첫걸음이며, 실제로 상품이나 서비스를 개발할 때 가장 중요한 고객의 니즈를 파악하기 위해 필요한 정보를 수집할 수 있느냐에 직결되기 때문이다. 다만, 단순한 정보에 둘러쌈에서는 고객이 자사의 금융상품이나 서비스를 선택할 확률을 떨어뜨릴 우려가 있다. 중요한 것은 고객이 볼 때 가장 고객의 니즈를 충족시키는 상품이나 서비스를 제공하는 고객 기점의 대응이다. 가장 고객 니즈를 충족시키는 상품이나 서비스를 개발하기 위해서라면, 부족한 정보나 상품·서비스의 개발 능력을 보완하기 위해 타사와의 제휴를 포함한 오픈 이노베이션을 추진하는 것도 필요하다. 그런 금융기관이 고객에게 제공하는 금융상품이나 금융서비스의 내용도 지금까지와 비교해 크게 변화하고 있다. 금융기관은 IT발전을 활용한 혁신적인 금융상품이나 금융서비스를 제공하는 핀테크의 대두가 가져올 직접적인 영향뿐만 아니라, IT의 발전이 사회전체에 가져오는 변화도 감안해, 스스로가 비즈니스의 대상으로 삼는 고객과 시장을 내다보고 갈고 닦은 상품이나 서비스와 같은 핵심역량(경쟁력)을 가지고, 요구되는 역할이나 스킬의 변화에 과감하게 대응해 나가는 것이 요구된다. 은행의 업무내용은 최근의 기술혁신에 의해 크게 변화하고 있다. 특히 미국은행에서는 대출채권의 증권화, 파생상품 거래 등의 비중이 높아지고 있는 것 외에도 대형은행에서는 신용스코어링을 사용해 중소기업을 위한 융자를 확대하고 있다. 또한 규제완화나 기술혁신에 의한 규모의 경제성 향상 등을 배경으로 은행 간 합병도 증가하고 있다. 이러한 기술혁신의 진전에 따라 지금까지 은행을 특수한 존재로 했던 정보생산, 유동성 공급기능도 변화하지 않을 수 없고, 은행업과 신규진입을 포함한 다른 금융기관에 금융정책의 파급경로를 살펴보건대 건전성 정책이 긴요하다.

Abstract

Financial institutions are required to overcome many challenges in the future. In other words, the transition to the consumer of the initiative related to product selection due to the reduction of 'information asymmetry’ between companies and consumers caused by the development of IT, the emergence of fintech or the spread of virtual currency, and financial services through smartphones Financial institutions will respond strategically to challenges such as loss of customer interface through increased access, lower profitability due to lower influence of funding on product purchase, and changes in financial business competition environment caused by artificial intelligence. For financial institutions, the most important task for financial business will be how to build and maintain the interface with customers. This is because having a point of contact with customers is the first step in purchasing a financial product or service, and it is directly related to whether you can gather the information necessary to identify the most important customer needs when developing the product or service. However, there is a risk that customers will be less likely to choose their financial products or services if they are surrounded by simple information. What matters is the customer’s origin response, which provides the product or service that best meets the customer’s needs. In order to develop products or services that best meet customer needs, open innovation, including alliances with other companies, is needed to complement the lack of information, product and service development capabilities. The contents of financial products and financial services provided by such financial institutions to customers are also changing significantly. Financial institutions not only have the direct impact of the rise of Fintech, which provides innovative financial products and financial services utilizing IT development, but also the changes that IT development brings to society as a whole. It is necessary to take the core competencies (competitiveness) such as goods and services that have been polished by looking at the market and responding to changes in required roles or skills. The business content of banks has changed greatly due to recent technological innovations. In particular, US banks are increasing the proportion of loan bond securitization and derivatives transactions, while large banks are using credit scoring to expand loans for SMEs. In addition, mergers between banks are increasing due to deregulation and economies of scale due to technological innovation. The progress of technological innovation has led to changes in the information production and liquidity supply functions that have made banks so special, and the ripple path of financial policy to banking and other financial institutions (including new entry). Prudential policy is critical.

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