미국의 핀테크 동향-가계에 미치는 영향
Fintech Trends in the U.S. - Impact on Households
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초록
핀테크란 금융(Finance)와 기술(Technology)을 융합하여 금융 서비스의 솔루션을 제공하는 산업으로 블록체인, 인공지능, 바이오메트릭스 및 E-Commerce 기술과 연계하여 간편 결제, 자산관리, 선 지급 후 결제(Buy Now, Pay Later)등의 다양하고 혁신적인 서비스를 출시하는 것을 말한다. 현대의 핀테크 혁명은 (1) 소비자가 고속 네트워크의 스마트폰을 이용하여 금융정보와 어플리케이션에 접속하기 쉬워진다. (2) 기업이 데이터 스토리지, 계산 및 어플리케이션 개발에 있어서 극적으로 비용을 억제하고 성능을 개선하며 선택의 폭을 늘릴 수 있다는 전시대의 이노베이션과는 다른 두 가지 특징을 가진다. 종래의 거대하고 독점적인 금융 서비스 산업은 비집권화(decentralization), 중개기관 이탈(disintermediation), 오픈 프로토콜의 시대의 흐름 속에서 도전에 직면해 있다. 결과적으로 미국의 가계는 투자, 신용, 보험 및 결제에서 새로운 옵션을 이용할 수 있게 되었다. 미국은 비대면 결제로의 전환이 상대적으로 뒤쳐져 있었지만, Covid-19 대유행이 점화제가 되어 미국 내 소비자들의 결제방식이 상당히 빠른 속도로 변화되고 있다. 본고에서는 몇 가지 영향력 있는 핀테크의 동향이 가계가 이시점간 소비를 평준화하는데 있어서 장애가 되는 편견을 어떻게 제약에 대한 대응을 어떻게 지원할 수 있는지를 나타낸다. 미국의 빅 테크 기업들도 핀테크 시장으로 진입하여 아마존은 대출 서비스를 시작했고, 페이스북과 구글은 간편 결제 서비스를 출시하는 등 전통적인 금융기관과 경쟁하는 수준으로 성장하고 있다. 금융 서비스 발전이 가속화됨에 따라 금융정보에 대한 접근성, 투명성, 트랜잭션 처리 속도, 신원 인증 등 기술적인 보완이 필요하며 무엇보다 비대면 거래는 새로운 범죄 양상을 만들어 내고 있어 이에 대한 대응책을 마련해야 하며 동시에 핀테크 시장이 적정하게 성장할 수있도록 규제환경의 조성이 필요하다.
Abstract
Fintech is an industry that provides financial service solutions by convergence between finance and technology. It refers to the launch of various innovative services such as simple payment, asset management, and Buy Now Pay Later in connection with blockchain, artificial intelligence, biometrics and e-commerce technologies. The modern fintech revolution (1) makes it easier for consumers to access financial information and applications using high-speed network smartphones. (2) It has two characteristics that differ from previous innovations in that companies can dramatically reduce costs, improve performance, and increase choice in data storage, computation and application development. The conventional huge and monopolistic financial services industry is facing challenges in the era of decentralization, disintermediation, and open protocols. As a result, American households have access to new options in investment, credit, insurance and payments. While the US has been relatively lagging behind in the transition to face-to-face payments, the Covid-19 pandemic has ignited the igniting of changes in how consumers pay in the US at a fairly rapid pace. In this paper, several influential fintech trends show how households can support the response to constraints on bias that is an obstacle to leveling consumption at this point in time. Big tech companies in the US also entered the fintech market, Amazon started lending service, and Facebook and Google launched simple payment services, which are growing to the level of competing with traditional financial institutions. As the development of financial services accelerates, technical supplements such as access to financial information, transparency, transaction processing speed, and identity authentication are required. Above all, non-face-to-face transactions are creating new criminal patterns, so countermeasures must be prepared, and at the same time, a regulatory environment must be created so that the fintech market can grow properly.
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