EU-터키 관세동맹에 따른 터키 통상정책의 행보 -적극적 FTA 정책인가, EU의 FTA를 답습하는가?-
Trade Policy of Turkey after Customs Union with the EU -Should Turkey pursue active FTAs in its own interest or should it follow the EU’s direction in the FTA?-
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The EU-Turkey Customs Union (CU) brought about many changes in Turkey’s trade policy. In order to complete the CU, Turkey had to remove its tariff vis–à–vis the EU and to align its external tariff to EU’s common external tariff. In addition, Turkey implemented considerable domestic reforms in such as comprehensive areas as customs administration, competition and intellectual property rights. In particular, Turkey accepted the EU’s preferential trading scheme with third countries, and as a result, it concluded FTAs with a number of EU’s trading partners. Turkey has been facing new challenges in maintaining its CU with the EU since mid 2000s, because the EU put increasingly higher priority to expanding its FTA networks. This means that Turkey has to include the EU’s FTAs in its trade policy agenda. This study aims to examine how Turkey has responded to these challenges; has Turkey accepted EU’s FTA path and agenda as a follower or has it tried to exploit its own trade policy in the margin of the CU? Turkey’s FTAs were implemented four to five years later than EU’s FTAs with the same trade partners, and its coverage in FTAs is less far-reaching. All FTAs that Turkey has implemented so far cover only trading in goods. This is largely due to the two facts; fact one, the main objective of Turkey’s trade policy is to increase its export and fact two, the CU limits it to manufacturing products. The EU and Turkey have different priorities in their FTA agenda. Turkey’s trade communities have been increasingly complaining about the lack of a mechanism, which reflects Turkish concerns on the EU’s trade agenda. If the EU and Turkey have an increasingly diverging FTA policy, it is likely that the EU-Turkey Customs Union will enter into a new era, after twenty years of its existence. The first scenario is that Turkey follows the EU’s FTAs and extends its FTA agenda into new issues, such as service, investment and public procurement. The second scenario is to reshuffle the CU and to change it into a comprehensive FTA, well suited to the interests of both parties. The last scenario is to create a mechanism that will deliver Turkey’s interests into the EU’s decision making process in the trading area.
Abstract
The EU-Turkey Customs Union (CU) brought about many changes in Turkey’s trade policy. In order to complete the CU, Turkey had to remove its tariff vis–à–vis the EU and to align its external tariff to EU’s common external tariff. In addition, Turkey implemented considerable domestic reforms in such as comprehensive areas as customs administration, competition and intellectual property rights. In particular, Turkey accepted the EU’s preferential trading scheme with third countries, and as a result, it concluded FTAs with a number of EU’s trading partners. Turkey has been facing new challenges in maintaining its CU with the EU since mid 2000s, because the EU put increasingly higher priority to expanding its FTA networks. This means that Turkey has to include the EU’s FTAs in its trade policy agenda. This study aims to examine how Turkey has responded to these challenges; has Turkey accepted EU’s FTA path and agenda as a follower or has it tried to exploit its own trade policy in the margin of the CU? Turkey’s FTAs were implemented four to five years later than EU’s FTAs with the same trade partners, and its coverage in FTAs is less far-reaching. All FTAs that Turkey has implemented so far cover only trading in goods. This is largely due to the two facts; fact one, the main objective of Turkey’s trade policy is to increase its export and fact two, the CU limits it to manufacturing products. The EU and Turkey have different priorities in their FTA agenda. Turkey’s trade communities have been increasingly complaining about the lack of a mechanism, which reflects Turkish concerns on the EU’s trade agenda. If the EU and Turkey have an increasingly diverging FTA policy, it is likely that the EU-Turkey Customs Union will enter into a new era, after twenty years of its existence. The first scenario is that Turkey follows the EU’s FTAs and extends its FTA agenda into new issues, such as service, investment and public procurement. The second scenario is to reshuffle the CU and to change it into a comprehensive FTA, well suited to the interests of both parties. The last scenario is to create a mechanism that will deliver Turkey’s interests into the EU’s decision making process in the trading area.
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