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쉴레이만 1세 시대 합스부르크에 대한 오스만제국의 외교태도－헝가리를 둘러싼 외교를 중심으로－

Ottoman Diplomatic Attitude Toward Habsburg in the Age of Süleyman the Magnificent

김동원
지중해지역원 (상동)|2010.05|지중해지역연구 (Journal of Mediterranean Area Studies)|제12권 제2호|pp. 1-27|DOI 10.18218/jmas.2010.12.2.1

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키워드

외교DiplomacyOttoman오스만쉴레이만페르디난트합스부르크헝가리SüleymanFerdinandHabsburgHungary
주제분류학제간연구

초록

Many scholars holding a Euro-centric perspective negatively view the Ottoman Empire as having a diplomacy centered on its Islamic tradition. According to Muslim law, the Muslims must live in a certain territory called ‘dār al-Islam.’ Christian publicists speculate that the territory constituting dār al-Islam was acquired by force consistent with the Empire’s organization for plundering and conquest; they argue that conquest was a law of life, the principle which animated what had now become a large and complex society. In addition, they had a view that was not until the Peace of Paris signed in 1856 that the Empire was officially admitted to the European interstate system. But I think they had a view based on misunderstandings with regard to the Empire and diplomacy. The Empire already in the reign of Süleyman Ⅰ had been intergrated into the European interstate system, and the Muslim sultans used diplomacy officially as a useful means to foreign policy. So using force was not the only resort for foreign policy, diplomacy was also a means for problem solving. This paper focuses on the Ottoman diplomatic attitude toward Habsburg. I intend to demonstrate that the traditional historiographic image of Ottoman-Habsburg contacts as an unbridgeable dichotomy between ‘dār al-Islam’ and ‘dār al-Harb’, should be softened. Thus, I suggest that the Ottoman attitude toward diplomacy is not unilateral but favourable and reciprocating. Süleyman Ⅰ tries to establish control over Hungary and Danube Region against Ferdinand Ⅰ of Habsburg. Until 1541, the sultan relies on military operations. But after that he resorts to using diplomacy more than force. He used to sit down at the table with Ferdinand for bilateral negotiation and diplomacy. Thanks to these negotiation and foreign diplomats, from the age of Süleyman the Magnificent onward, awareness about the Ottoman Empire had increased in Europe, and an open field for diplomatic relations had been created.

Abstract

Many scholars holding a Euro-centric perspective negatively view the Ottoman Empire as having a diplomacy centered on its Islamic tradition. According to Muslim law, the Muslims must live in a certain territory called ‘dār al-Islam.’ Christian publicists speculate that the territory constituting dār al-Islam was acquired by force consistent with the Empire’s organization for plundering and conquest; they argue that conquest was a law of life, the principle which animated what had now become a large and complex society. In addition, they had a view that was not until the Peace of Paris signed in 1856 that the Empire was officially admitted to the European interstate system. But I think they had a view based on misunderstandings with regard to the Empire and diplomacy. The Empire already in the reign of Süleyman Ⅰ had been intergrated into the European interstate system, and the Muslim sultans used diplomacy officially as a useful means to foreign policy. So using force was not the only resort for foreign policy, diplomacy was also a means for problem solving. This paper focuses on the Ottoman diplomatic attitude toward Habsburg. I intend to demonstrate that the traditional historiographic image of Ottoman-Habsburg contacts as an unbridgeable dichotomy between ‘dār al-Islam’ and ‘dār al-Harb’, should be softened. Thus, I suggest that the Ottoman attitude toward diplomacy is not unilateral but favourable and reciprocating. Süleyman Ⅰ tries to establish control over Hungary and Danube Region against Ferdinand Ⅰ of Habsburg. Until 1541, the sultan relies on military operations. But after that he resorts to using diplomacy more than force. He used to sit down at the table with Ferdinand for bilateral negotiation and diplomacy. Thanks to these negotiation and foreign diplomats, from the age of Süleyman the Magnificent onward, awareness about the Ottoman Empire had increased in Europe, and an open field for diplomatic relations had been created.

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