중세 말 스페인의 콘베르소 문제와 ‘피의 순수성’ 법령의 제정
The Problem of Conversos and the Enactment of the Statutes of the Purity of Blood in Medieval Spain
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The great pogrom of 1391 spread to lots of towns, and meanwhile many Jews converted to Christianity. Indeed the possibility of mass conversion of Jews, a dream of Spanish Christians seemed to be realized. However, soon Old Christians came to feel that it was a disaster rather than a blessing. Every legal restriction imposed on the Jew was erased completely,and all offices in Church and state were open to conversos, Jewish converts. It threatened the lives of Old Christians. Thus anti-converso responses were developed to exclude conversos. Conversos were recognized as pseudo-Christians adhering to the past faith. In addition,some Christians began to doubt that baptism could transform the Jewishness of converts. Conversos came to constitute a independent group different from Old Christians.Especially alboraycos, one of various terms used to name converts evidences their situation. The term derived from Libro del Alborayque written around the mid-fifteenth century. Alborayque is a monster composed of numerous animals. Alborayque, the author explains, was one of the names applied to the Jewish converts. Thus, the term implied that the conversos were neither Jews nor Christians. Now conversos constituted a new type of the Jewish group. Thus a new legal definition was needed to control conversos. Not long after the mass conversion of 1391 Old Christians began to insist on a new difference,ie., blood, and the purity of blood logic was invented. As a result, the regulations known as the statutes of the purity of blood were the attempt to deprive conversos of the privileges they had enjoyed as Christians.
Abstract
The great pogrom of 1391 spread to lots of towns, and meanwhile many Jews converted to Christianity. Indeed the possibility of mass conversion of Jews, a dream of Spanish Christians seemed to be realized. However, soon Old Christians came to feel that it was a disaster rather than a blessing. Every legal restriction imposed on the Jew was erased completely,and all offices in Church and state were open to conversos, Jewish converts. It threatened the lives of Old Christians. Thus anti-converso responses were developed to exclude conversos. Conversos were recognized as pseudo-Christians adhering to the past faith. In addition,some Christians began to doubt that baptism could transform the Jewishness of converts. Conversos came to constitute a independent group different from Old Christians.Especially alboraycos, one of various terms used to name converts evidences their situation. The term derived from Libro del Alborayque written around the mid-fifteenth century. Alborayque is a monster composed of numerous animals. Alborayque, the author explains, was one of the names applied to the Jewish converts. Thus, the term implied that the conversos were neither Jews nor Christians. Now conversos constituted a new type of the Jewish group. Thus a new legal definition was needed to control conversos. Not long after the mass conversion of 1391 Old Christians began to insist on a new difference,ie., blood, and the purity of blood logic was invented. As a result, the regulations known as the statutes of the purity of blood were the attempt to deprive conversos of the privileges they had enjoyed as Christians.
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