옛 기독교인의 성지지도에 나타난 예루살렘 연구
Jerusalem in the Holy Land of Ancient Christian Maps
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Jerusalem in the Holy Land of Ancient Christian Maps Jerusalem, the city holy to Judaism, Christianity and Islam, has been the subject of numerous volumes of history, chronicles, biblical exegesis, and itineraries. Many of these books included maps and views of Jerusalem, whose number grew continuously with the development of the printing press. Before the advent of print, maps of Jerusalem, like other maps, had been used to illustrate manuscripts, often on vellum, or had been created as wall or floor mosaics. Few such maps are still extant. But from the end of the fifteenth century, when the first printed map of Jerusalem appeared, until the beginning of the nineteenth century, when maps began to be based on accurate surveys,over 300 maps of Jerusalem were designed and printed. Early maps, in contrast to those of modern times, are generally artistic sketches and drawings rather than products of accurate survey and measurement. In some of these sketches the artists sought to present a faithful representation of their subjects, while in others the map is merely a graphic expression of creative inspiration and of the artists’ imagination. Among the maps of Jerusalem there are both realistic and imaginary ones. In those maps whose draughtsmen attempted to present a true picture of Jerusalem, one finds reliable details that provide valuable information about the sites depicted; such maps constitute important historical sources. They depict the city’s fortifications, walls,towers, and gates, its churches, monasteries, mosques, and minarets, and thus we can learn about the nature of the sites and their role in the past. In contrast,other maps reflect the perspective and sentiments of their creators more than they depict the places shown. This article will show these maps of Jerusalem, realistic as well as impressionistic, and discuss a process of changing from a geography of idea to a real geography, from their beginning in the sixth century to the first modern and accurate ones, created in the nineteenth century. And I also view maps as a kind of language which have its own cartographic grammar.
Abstract
Jerusalem in the Holy Land of Ancient Christian Maps Jerusalem, the city holy to Judaism, Christianity and Islam, has been the subject of numerous volumes of history, chronicles, biblical exegesis, and itineraries. Many of these books included maps and views of Jerusalem, whose number grew continuously with the development of the printing press. Before the advent of print, maps of Jerusalem, like other maps, had been used to illustrate manuscripts, often on vellum, or had been created as wall or floor mosaics. Few such maps are still extant. But from the end of the fifteenth century, when the first printed map of Jerusalem appeared, until the beginning of the nineteenth century, when maps began to be based on accurate surveys,over 300 maps of Jerusalem were designed and printed. Early maps, in contrast to those of modern times, are generally artistic sketches and drawings rather than products of accurate survey and measurement. In some of these sketches the artists sought to present a faithful representation of their subjects, while in others the map is merely a graphic expression of creative inspiration and of the artists’ imagination. Among the maps of Jerusalem there are both realistic and imaginary ones. In those maps whose draughtsmen attempted to present a true picture of Jerusalem, one finds reliable details that provide valuable information about the sites depicted; such maps constitute important historical sources. They depict the city’s fortifications, walls,towers, and gates, its churches, monasteries, mosques, and minarets, and thus we can learn about the nature of the sites and their role in the past. In contrast,other maps reflect the perspective and sentiments of their creators more than they depict the places shown. This article will show these maps of Jerusalem, realistic as well as impressionistic, and discuss a process of changing from a geography of idea to a real geography, from their beginning in the sixth century to the first modern and accurate ones, created in the nineteenth century. And I also view maps as a kind of language which have its own cartographic grammar.
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