예루살렘의 이슬람화 연구-우마르 서약을 중심으로-
A Study on Islamization of Jerusalem: Focused on Umar’s Assurance
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In the Eastern Mediterranean, Jerusalem is a religious, geographical, historical and socio-cultural melting pot. Religiously, Jerusalem is the cradle of religion containing the holy sites of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Geographically, Jerusalem is a bridge between Mesopotamian and Pharaonic civilizations and historically it was occupied by Persia, Hellenism, Rome, Byzantine, Arab Islam, and Turkic states in turn, and in modern times it was occupied by imperialist powers and after the Middle East war(Arab– Israeli conflict) it is now not a city of any country under international law. Jerusalem was a special place even for the Muslims who occupied it in the 7th century CE. The early qiblah of Islam was Jerusalem and the space connecting Muhammad and Allah was also Jerusalem. After the Muslims took Jerusalem, they tried to make it an Islamic city and that effort has been going on since the first Muslim occupation of Jerusalem in 637 CE. Based on the above historical facts, this research intends to analyze the process and efforts to Islamize Jerusalem by Islamic forces. Using Umar’s Assurance, I research the early military occupation process of the Muslim army and the efforts of the Muslim forces for the rule and assimilation of Dhimi in Jerusalem. Umar’s Assurance which the second orthodox Khalifa Umar signed to rule Jerusalem can be an important material for studying Muslims’ rule of occupied territories and Islamization. This research is also a study on the exchange of civilizations that analysis the ways of exchange among the heterogeneous cultural groups of and the ways in which they accept and assimilate different cultures.
Abstract
In the Eastern Mediterranean, Jerusalem is a religious, geographical, historical and socio-cultural melting pot. Religiously, Jerusalem is the cradle of religion containing the holy sites of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Geographically, Jerusalem is a bridge between Mesopotamian and Pharaonic civilizations and historically it was occupied by Persia, Hellenism, Rome, Byzantine, Arab Islam, and Turkic states in turn, and in modern times it was occupied by imperialist powers and after the Middle East war(Arab– Israeli conflict) it is now not a city of any country under international law. Jerusalem was a special place even for the Muslims who occupied it in the 7th century CE. The early qiblah of Islam was Jerusalem and the space connecting Muhammad and Allah was also Jerusalem. After the Muslims took Jerusalem, they tried to make it an Islamic city and that effort has been going on since the first Muslim occupation of Jerusalem in 637 CE. Based on the above historical facts, this research intends to analyze the process and efforts to Islamize Jerusalem by Islamic forces. Using Umar’s Assurance, I research the early military occupation process of the Muslim army and the efforts of the Muslim forces for the rule and assimilation of Dhimi in Jerusalem. Umar’s Assurance which the second orthodox Khalifa Umar signed to rule Jerusalem can be an important material for studying Muslims’ rule of occupied territories and Islamization. This research is also a study on the exchange of civilizations that analysis the ways of exchange among the heterogeneous cultural groups of and the ways in which they accept and assimilate different cultures.
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