中國 都城과의 比較를 통한 漢城百濟 都城의 形成과 發達

Abstract

Dating to 4,300 B.P., which were uncovered at Taosi(陶寺) in Shanxi(山西) province; this site yielded the foundations of large earthen-wall building, thought to have been roofed with tiles. At the site of Erlitou(二里頭), in Henan(河南) province, which is the oldest capital site to have been found in China. This site of Erlitou is significant in that it is the largest settlement to have been found in the East Asia region, as well as being the later capital site of the Xia Dynasty. Archaeologists were able to identify what appears to be the oldest palace complex excavated in China, along with workshops in which bronze was manufactured. The Qin and Han Dynasty of China are the formative period of a unified empire and the established period of a capital castle system. Besides a main imperial palace, several detached palaces are constructed and each one has gates and roads. Memorial buildings such as the ancestral temple of the royal family and so on, which had been in the castle before, are located outside. In the case of Hanseong Baekje(漢城百濟) Period, Pungnaptoseong(風納土城) has been considered as ‘Wiryeseong(慰禮城)’, the first capital of Baekje since huge ramparts, memorial buildings, and wells were excavated there. Roads have also been dug out, encircling palace and the area for ancestral rites. Hanseong Baekje has the system of two capital cities as Mongchontoseong(夢村土城) is built besides Pungnaptoseong. Recently a big road from Mongchontoseong forward to Pungnaptoseong was excavated outside of the north gate of Mongchontoseong. Consequently, Pungnaptoseong was considered as the official palace, while Mongchontoseong as a detached place in terms of their functions and features. Pungnaptoseong, which is the site of the first capital of the Baekje state, shows great similarities with Taosi and Erlitou, although direct comparisons with these sites may be problematic due to differences in cultural and temporal contexts. Comparative studies which look into the emergence and development of capital sites from China and Korea therefore have the potential to shed light on the issue of early state formation and capital archeology in the Korea.