유럽 유입 비정규 이주자의 이동 경로와 목적지 선택의 결정요인
Determinants of migration routes and destinations of irregular migrants to Europe
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In this paper, I sought answers to two questions. First, what is the migration route for non-EU migrants in the EU? Second, what are the factors that affect irregular migrants’ destination decisions? A migrant’s first country of entry into Europe is usually not his final destination. The main entry points for irregular migrants to Europe are Greece, Italy and Spain. It seems that immigrants do not necessarily follow a particular path to go to the northern European countries. Based on the number of asylum seekers, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Scandinavian countries are the biggest destinations. For the second question, five factors were found. The first is the cost of migration and the migrants’ perception of the economic environment of destination countries. The second is the migrant smugglers. The third is social network and information accessibility. This includes information from remote, near-network, media, internet and social media. The fourth is the environment and experience of the transit country. The fifth is the immigration policies. They include border control, police intervention, refugee policy, and repatriation policy. Studies on irregular migration have inherent problems. It is the task of academia and policy makers to resolve them one by one. First, the distinction between legal and irregular migration, and the different forms of irregular migration are not always clear. It is useful to compare with studies on legal migration in order to understand the reasons and the ways migrants decide to move. Second, irregular migrants are difficult to study. They are in essence secret groups. Third, there have been lots of studies on irregular migrants in the past two decades, but there are still many cases that are not theorized. Fourth, until recently, there have been many studies on the phenomena of irregular migration, but there are more that require further study and understanding than what can be explained with clear grounds until now.
Abstract
In this paper, I sought answers to two questions. First, what is the migration route for non-EU migrants in the EU? Second, what are the factors that affect irregular migrants’ destination decisions? A migrant’s first country of entry into Europe is usually not his final destination. The main entry points for irregular migrants to Europe are Greece, Italy and Spain. It seems that immigrants do not necessarily follow a particular path to go to the northern European countries. Based on the number of asylum seekers, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the Scandinavian countries are the biggest destinations. For the second question, five factors were found. The first is the cost of migration and the migrants’ perception of the economic environment of destination countries. The second is the migrant smugglers. The third is social network and information accessibility. This includes information from remote, near-network, media, internet and social media. The fourth is the environment and experience of the transit country. The fifth is the immigration policies. They include border control, police intervention, refugee policy, and repatriation policy. Studies on irregular migration have inherent problems. It is the task of academia and policy makers to resolve them one by one. First, the distinction between legal and irregular migration, and the different forms of irregular migration are not always clear. It is useful to compare with studies on legal migration in order to understand the reasons and the ways migrants decide to move. Second, irregular migrants are difficult to study. They are in essence secret groups. Third, there have been lots of studies on irregular migrants in the past two decades, but there are still many cases that are not theorized. Fourth, until recently, there have been many studies on the phenomena of irregular migration, but there are more that require further study and understanding than what can be explained with clear grounds until now.
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