‘Feriale Duranum’에 나타난 아우구스투스의 종교 정책 -마르스 숭배를 중심으로-
Augustan Religious Policy in ‘Feriale Duranum’ -Focused on Mars Worship-
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When Augustus began his political system, Roman religion was in the midst of chaotic circumstances. Therefore he carried out the reformation of religion. This paper tried to examine the Augustus’ religious reformation through ‘Feriale Duranum’, the military religious calendar. Especially it focuses on the worship of Mars, which was regarded as the most important god by soldiers while their waging war. Mars was a fertility god related to grain growth and harvest, and a god of war as well. Meanwhile he, father of Romulus, was connected with Aeneas, the founder of state and with Augustus, descendant of Aeneas. At this point was important Mars especially to Augustus. Augustus built a massive temple in the midst of Forum Augustum that was dedicated to Mars Ultor, whose role was an avenger. It shows his filial affection for his father Caesar. By building this temple Augustus transformed the memory of Roman State into a part of his family story. The priests of Mars, called salii, were jumping priests, who consisted of 12. They were singing, dancing, and marching in a parade through the city of Rome with sacred shields. They came from a very remote period. Their rites and dances had complex traits related to grain growth, war victory, and the rite of scapegoat. Equus October was a thanksgiving festival, dedicated to Mars, for Mars gave abundant harvest to farmers and war victory to Roman soldiers. Mars worship was important because Rome in the period of Augustus was an agrarian society and thus agricultural success was directly connected to the stabilities of politics, economics, and society. Augustus demanded soldiers to participate in a stable and prosperous society, Rome, so called Pax Romana, which was started by himself, as well as in war victory. Salii putting on special armors sang ‘carmen saliare’. This song shows the connection between Aeneas and Heracles. Heracles is a paragon of Roman founder and a prelude of Augustus. As Heracles became a god by virtue of his great deeds, Augustus would receive the same rewards. Augustus, based on this point, put his name into ‘carmen saliare’ in 29 B.C. The reason why Augustus put Mars worship into ‘Feriale’ was probably that he made soldiers recognize him as a divine one, contrasted with Heracles, and that he brought them into his new political system. Mars worship in Feriale shows that Augustus tried to consolidate his political system by his religious policy.
Abstract
When Augustus began his political system, Roman religion was in the midst of chaotic circumstances. Therefore he carried out the reformation of religion. This paper tried to examine the Augustus’ religious reformation through ‘Feriale Duranum’, the military religious calendar. Especially it focuses on the worship of Mars, which was regarded as the most important god by soldiers while their waging war. Mars was a fertility god related to grain growth and harvest, and a god of war as well. Meanwhile he, father of Romulus, was connected with Aeneas, the founder of state and with Augustus, descendant of Aeneas. At this point was important Mars especially to Augustus. Augustus built a massive temple in the midst of Forum Augustum that was dedicated to Mars Ultor, whose role was an avenger. It shows his filial affection for his father Caesar. By building this temple Augustus transformed the memory of Roman State into a part of his family story. The priests of Mars, called salii, were jumping priests, who consisted of 12. They were singing, dancing, and marching in a parade through the city of Rome with sacred shields. They came from a very remote period. Their rites and dances had complex traits related to grain growth, war victory, and the rite of scapegoat. Equus October was a thanksgiving festival, dedicated to Mars, for Mars gave abundant harvest to farmers and war victory to Roman soldiers. Mars worship was important because Rome in the period of Augustus was an agrarian society and thus agricultural success was directly connected to the stabilities of politics, economics, and society. Augustus demanded soldiers to participate in a stable and prosperous society, Rome, so called Pax Romana, which was started by himself, as well as in war victory. Salii putting on special armors sang ‘carmen saliare’. This song shows the connection between Aeneas and Heracles. Heracles is a paragon of Roman founder and a prelude of Augustus. As Heracles became a god by virtue of his great deeds, Augustus would receive the same rewards. Augustus, based on this point, put his name into ‘carmen saliare’ in 29 B.C. The reason why Augustus put Mars worship into ‘Feriale’ was probably that he made soldiers recognize him as a divine one, contrasted with Heracles, and that he brought them into his new political system. Mars worship in Feriale shows that Augustus tried to consolidate his political system by his religious policy.
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