페레크라테스의 광부들에 나타난 환락향에 대하여
On the Cockaigne of Pherecrates’ Metalles
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The utopia of Pherecrates’ Metalles is not somewhere out there, but below, that is, in Hades, the underworld. The peculiarity of this theme and positioning, which is called a ‘comedy of the underworld’, is an old comedy writer in the 5th century BC who tried to evoke nostalgia for life in the ‘good old days’(bios archaios) through Greek mythological elements. It can be seen as a typical characteristic that contains their reality in intentions. Pherecrates the mythical recreate to wants primordial days of the reign of Cronus, called the Golden Age, through fantastic and fairy-tale stories in his works Agrioi, Persai and Metalles. In these works, he introduces the utopian ideal world to Attica’s audience by mixing realistic elements or real characters, mythical and divine beings. Pherecrates’ works clearly show that the utopian thought of ancient Greece before Plato develops through ‘fantasy’ in addition to mythological content and historical elements. In short, they contain the comical characteristics of a ‘popular utopia’, which aims to make the audience forget about realistic oppression and economic difficulties for a moment by experiencing the unreal world through the fantastic description of the ideal world. From this perspective, Greek old comedy as a political poem is a tool for social self-understanding along with tragedy and satirical self-criticism of the Athenian political a community.
Abstract
The utopia of Pherecrates’ Metalles is not somewhere out there, but below, that is, in Hades, the underworld. The peculiarity of this theme and positioning, which is called a ‘comedy of the underworld’, is an old comedy writer in the 5th century BC who tried to evoke nostalgia for life in the ‘good old days’(bios archaios) through Greek mythological elements. It can be seen as a typical characteristic that contains their reality in intentions. Pherecrates the mythical recreate to wants primordial days of the reign of Cronus, called the Golden Age, through fantastic and fairy-tale stories in his works Agrioi, Persai and Metalles. In these works, he introduces the utopian ideal world to Attica’s audience by mixing realistic elements or real characters, mythical and divine beings. Pherecrates’ works clearly show that the utopian thought of ancient Greece before Plato develops through ‘fantasy’ in addition to mythological content and historical elements. In short, they contain the comical characteristics of a ‘popular utopia’, which aims to make the audience forget about realistic oppression and economic difficulties for a moment by experiencing the unreal world through the fantastic description of the ideal world. From this perspective, Greek old comedy as a political poem is a tool for social self-understanding along with tragedy and satirical self-criticism of the Athenian political a community.
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