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초국적 주체와 COVID-19: 유학생의 인종언어 이데올로기 차별경험, 정체성, 그리고 행위주체성

Transnational Subjects and the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Workings of Raciolinguistic Ideologies on International Students’ Identity and Agency

김정숙
다문화사회정책연구소 (Center for Multiculturalism and Social Policy, Daegu University)|2021.05|현대사회와 다문화 (Contemporary Society and Multiculture)|제11권 제2호|pp. 69-102|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.35281/cms.2021.05.11.2.69

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참고문헌

키워드

Agency행위주체성인종언어 이데올로기미세차별대항 내러티브비판적 인종이론Raciolinguistic IdeologiesMicro-aggressionCounternarrativeCritical Race Theory
주제분류사회과학일반

초록

이 논문은 COVID-19 팬데믹이 초국적 학생들의 차별경험과 정체성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 인종언어 이데올로기와 비판적 인종이론에 근거하여, COVID-19 재난 위기에서 유학생들이 겪는 차별양상과 정체성 협상 전략을 포스터모더니즘과 사회구성주의적 관점에서 탐색한다. 자료는 국내 수학 중인 외국인 학생 10명과의 인터뷰를 통해 수집됐으며, 비판적 담론분석과 내러티브 분석이 수행됐다. 연구결과, 팬데믹이 인종화되면서 아시아인이 바이러스로 체화되고, 외국인 학생들이 캠퍼스 안팎에서다양한 형태의 미세차별(micro-aggression)을 경험하는 것으로 나타난다. 팬데믹 완화 조치로 취해진 격리는 이동성을 제한하여 유학생의 초국적 삶의 특색을 상쇄하고 감옥 수감과 유사한 현실을 강제한다. 이런 상황에서 초국적 정체성은 ‘여기도 아니고 저기도 아닌’ 임계적(liminal)이며 림보적 상태에 머문다. 내러티브에 드러난 특징적인 정체성 협상 전략과 행위주체성은 비가시화, 위장, 경계 넘기, 대항적 내러티브 구성 등이다. 대항 내러티브에는, 자신들을 둘러싼 신화, 고정관념과 편견, 차별의 허위성을 드러내는(debunking) 대항적 스토리가 나타난다.

Abstract

This article explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on transnational students’ identities in Korean contexts. Using Critical Race Theory and raciolinguistic ideologies, the study investigates how the pandemic has affected the students’ experiences, and how the students have responded to the challenges to negotiate their identities. A narrative analysis was utilized along with a critical discourse analysis on the data collected from 10 international students. The students appeared to face subtle forms of micro-aggression against them due to the racialized discourses in which they were widely represented as the virus carriers. The measures taken to flatten the epidemic curve, such as quarantine, resulted in the physical and psychological vulnerabilities similar to those of the imprisoned. The students deployed the strategies of invisibility, dissimulation, crossing, and counter-narratives in response to the raciolinguistic ideologies, crafting their liminal identities as transnational subjects.

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