대학의 지식재산 기반 창업활동에 관한 요인분석 - 국내 대학의 지식재산(특허)을 중심으로 -
A Study on Patented Technology and New Firm Formation from Korean Universities
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초록
본 연구는 대학 보유의 지식재산을 활용하여 대학의 기술창업 활동에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상은 크게 세 가지 유형으로 다음과 같이 구분된다. 첫째, 특허 발명자 전체를 대상으로 창업 유무에 미치는 연구자 특성, 기관 제도적 특성의 영향을 살펴본다. 둘째, 창업 경험이 전혀 없는 특허 발명자(미창업자)를 대상으로 창업 계획 여부에 영향을 미치는 연구자 특성, 기관 제도적 특성 요인을 살펴본다. 마지막으로 창업한 적이 있다고 응답한 특허 발명자(창업자)를 대상으로 연구자, 기관 제도, 특허기술의 특성이 해당 지식재산특허를 활용한 기술창업에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 얻은 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구자 특성 측면에서는 기술이전 경험, 엔젤 및 벤처캐피털 접근성, 창업에 필요한 지식·기술·경험 보유 정도, 주변 창업가 인지가 대학 내 특허발명자의 기술창업 활동에 양(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난다. 반면, 창업가의 연령과 가계소득은 기술창업활동과 음(-)의 상관관계가 존재한다. 이외에도 실패에 대한 두려움은 남성 특허발명자가 창업하는 경향과 음(-)의 상관관계를 가진다. 둘째, 기관의 제도적 특성 중에서는 창업 전담조직, 휴·겸직 특례 제도 유무가 대학의 기술창업 활동에 양(+)의 영향을 가진다. 셋째, 특허기술의 특성 중에서는 상용화 가능성, 권리행사 가능성 등 특허의 활용성이 높아지는 것이 기술창업에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난다.
Abstract
This research is to understand the process of developing entrepreneurship in Korean universities through empirical analyses. Examining the process of forming a new firm with intellectual property, we also suggest policy implications to promote the foundation of technology-based startups in universities. Given this, we define technology-based startups as “any organizational form of commercialization procedure from universities” and this includes research lab based startups, new firms from technology licensing offices, establishment of joint venture, and new firms from technology transfer. In this study, the subject and methodology to understand the university startup is threefold. First, we examined patent scientists to explain factors that influence university entrepreneurship. The characteristics of scientists and organizations(universities) are considered to be independent variables. Second, we surveyed scientists having no startup experiences and investigated what impacted on the scientists to found a startup. We also included the characteristics of non-founding scientists and organizations(universities). Third, we separately studied scientists who have founding experiences. We attempted to analyze what impacted on the experienced scientists to found a firm through examining the characteristics of scientists, organizations(universities), and their knowedge in the form of patented intellectual property. As a result, through logistic regression analysis, we were able to conclude with the following findings. First, as for individual characteristics of the scientists, the experience of technology transfer, accessibility to angel investor or venture capitalists, ownership of knowledge/ technology/experience, proximity to startup founders are found to have positive relationship with university startups. In addition, the risk averseness of founders is negatively associated with the founding of a firm. Second, organizational characteristics such as existence of the independent organization within the university and of the dual association or temporary leave of absence are likely to have positive influence on a new firm formation in university. Third, the more feasibility of commercialization and observance of technological rights the technology has, the more likely scientists are to found a firm.
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