유전자원발명의 출처공개에 관한 국제규범 채택 움직임과 대응방안 - WIPO IGC의 ‘의장문안(Chair’s Text)’을 중심으로 -
Policy Consideration for the Negotiations at WIPO Diplomatic Conference on the Introduction of Disclosure Requirement
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이 글은 2024년 조약 타결을 위한 외교회의를 앞두고, 동 외교회의 협상의 기본문서인 “지식재산, 유전자원 및 유전자원 연관 전통지식과 관련된 국제 법률문서(안)에 대한 의장문안”(이하 ‘의장문안’)에 제시된 유전자원발명의출처공개 의무화 등에 관한 주요 내용과 시사점이 무엇이며, 유전자원의 해외 의존도가 높은 우리나라가 향후 외교회의 시 채택해야 할 구체적인 대응방안을 제안하기 위해 작성되었다. 의장문안은 발명이 실질적/직접적으로 유전자원 등을 기반으로 한 경우특허출원 시 원산국/출처를 공개하여야 하고, 특허청에 출처공개 서류의 진위를 검증할 의무를 부과해서는 안 되며, 출처공개 의무 불이행을 이유로 특허를 무효로 하거나 실시불가능하게 만들 수 없고, 의장문안의 발효 후 4년내에 출처공개 의무를 다른 IP 분야 및 파생물로 확장할 수 있는 가능성 등을 재검토하도록 의무화하고 있다. 이 글은 우리나라 기업의 부담을 줄이고 특허제도에 변화를 최소화하기위해 다음과 같은 외교회의 대응방안을 제언한다. 첫째, 출처공개 의무화(제3조)에 대해서는 공개 의무화에 반대하여야 하고, 둘째, 예외와 제한(제4조), 제재 및 구제조치(제6조)에 대해서는 체약 당사국의 재량을 허용하는 규정을 지지하되, 부정한 의도가 있는 경우와 관련된제6.4조는 의미가 명확치 않고 법적 불확실성을 유발하므로 삭제를 주장하여야 하며, 셋째, 유전자원 정보시스템 구축(제7조)에 대해서는 현 규정을 적극 지지하여야 하고, 넷째, 의장문안의 발효 후, 출처공개 의무의 대상범위확장 재검토(제9조)에 대해서는 반대하여야 한다.
Abstract
This article intends to contribute to the examination of recent developments, challenges and controversies concerning Disclose Requirement, with focus on the provisions of the “Chair’s text on a Draft International Legal Instrument Relating to Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Genetic Resources” (“Chair’s text”) which is being discussed at the World Intellectual Property Organization. The article recognizes that the Chair’s text introduces mandatory disclosure of geographical location of Genetic Resources (“GR”) and Traditional Knowledge Associated with Genetic Resources (“Associated TK”). This article subsequently shows how specific provisions of the Chairs’ text, inter alia, mandatory Disclosure Requirement (Art. 3), Sanctions and Remedies (Art. 6) and Review (Art. 9), generate burden for the IP users as well as the IP protection regime in Korea by newly requiring disclosure of geographical location or source of GR/Associated TK. The article concludes that the acting in concert on this issue among the like-mind countries which are main users of GR and Associated TK (eg. Rep. of Korea, U.S.A., Japan, Canada) should be enhanced for the upcoming Diplomatic Conference, with a view to minimizing revision of IP law and preventing unexpected burden for IP Users with regard to the provisions set out in the Chair’s text.
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