유전자원 이용 발명의 출처공개제도 도입 논의와 대응방안 ―WIPO IGC의 “지식재산과 유전자원에 관한 통합문서”를 중심으로
Policy Consideration for the Negotiations at WIPO IGC on the Introduction of Patent Disclosure Requirement
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이 글은 최근 WIPO IGC 회의에서 논의된 “지식재산과 유전자원에 관한통합문서”(이하 ‘통합문서’라 한다)에 제시된 유전자원발명의 출처공개제도 도입 등에 관한 주요 내용과 시사점이 무엇이며, 유전자원발명의 특허출원 시출처공개를 특허권의 허여 요건으로 입법화하는 추세 및 이에 관한 조약 타결을 희망하는 개도국들의 거세지는 요구와 관련하여, 우리 기업들의 부담을 줄이고 현 특허제도에 변화를 최소화할 수 있도록 향후 우리나라가 채택해야 할 대응방안을 제안하기 위해 작성되었다. 유전자원의 적절한 보호 방안, 특히 접근 및 이익공유(ABS)의 이행을 확인또는 지지하기 위한 수단으로서 특허제도 이용 여부와 관련하여 이용국과제공국 간에 첨예한 의견 대립이 지속되고 있음이 확인되었다. 이와 같은 배경에서 우리나라는 향후 국제회의 시 통합문서와 관련하여첫째, 출처공개(제4조)의 경우 출처공개 의무화에 반대하여야 하고 둘째, 예외와 제한(제5조), 제재 및 구제조치(제6조)에 대해서는 회원국의 재량을 허용하는 규정안을 지지하여야 하며 셋째, 예방조치(제9조), 타국제규범과의관계(제10.4조)에 관한 규정은 우리의 특허실무 및 TRIPs Article 27.3(b) 등과 불일치하므로 반대하여야 하고 넷째, 데이터베이스 구축, 활용 등 방어적수단에 관해서는 현 규정안을 지지하여야 한다는 결론에 이르게 되었다.
Abstract
This dissertation intends to contribute to the examination of recent developments and controversies concerning the Disclose Requirement (DR), with focus on the Consolidated Document relating to Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources (hereinafter “Consolidated Document”). The dissertation recognizes that Consolidated Document introduces not only the original Art. 2-6 which requires mandatory disclosure of geographical location of Genetic Resources but also the alternative Art. 2-6 which includes no new disclosure requirement. The dissertation subsequently shows how specific provisions of the Consolidated Document, inter alia, mandatory disclosure requirement (Art. 4), Preventive Measures for Protection (Art. 9) and Relationship with International Agreement (Art. 10), generate burden for the IP protection regime in Korea as well as the IP users by forcing the revision of the IP laws as well as newly requiring disclosure of geographical location of Genetic Resources. This dissertation concludes that acting in concert among the like-mind countries which are main users of Genetic Resources (eg. Rep. of Korea, U.S.A., Japan) should be enhanced for the upcoming negotiations at WIPO IGC, with a view to preventing unexpected burden for IP Users and minimizing revision of IP law.
참고문헌 (29)
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