정부조직의 다차원적 책임성이 위기관리에 미친 영향- 메르스 사례를 중심으로 -
The Effect of Government Accountability on Crisis Management - A Case of MERS-CoV in Korea -
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본 연구는 2015년 우리나라의 메르스 위기관리 사례를 바탕으로 기존의 선행연구에서 기술적⋅관리적 대응 수준에서 논의되었던 정부조직의 위기관리를 위기관리 커뮤니케이션과 정부조직의 환경을 둘러싼 제도적 수준에서 논의하는 한편, 메르스 사례에서 정부조직에 요구된 책임성을 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 정부의 대응성 논의와 다차원적 책임성을 이론적으로 검토하였으며, 대응성 관점에서 헬스 이슈에 관련된 위기 커뮤니케이션 전략들을 설명하였다. 분석결과, MERS 사태 당시 정부의 대응은 기술적 수준에서 사전위기관리를 시도하였으나, 일부에서만 이루어졌고 위기 시 사전계획은 미흡하다는 평가를 내릴 수 있다. 또한 관리적 수준에서는 위기 커뮤니케이션과 위기 관리를 적절히 수행하지 못하여 메르스 관리와 이해관계자 관리에 모두 미흡한 성과를 거두었다. 한편, 제도적 수준에서는 감염병 관리를 주관하는 정부조직이 복지영역에 주된 관심을 두었던 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 제도적 수준에서 전문적 책임성이 강조되는 보건분야 보다는 정치적 책임성이 강조되는 복지분야에 자원과 업무가 집중된 것이 주요한 원인 중 하나로 볼 수 있다.
Abstract
This study is concerned with government responsiveness and accountability during the MERS crisis in Korea. In this context, we explain the responsiveness of the government from technical, administrative and institutional perspectives. Then we discuss crisis communication during the outbreak, focusing on why the Korean government failed to manage at the institutional level. One of the main reasons of the failure was found to be insufficiency in technical and managerial responsiveness. For example, government agencies did not use crisis communication strategies or pre-event planning in technical and managerial level. A more fundamental reason, however, would be that there was very little emphasis on public health across government organizations. More specifically, governmental expenditure was allocated more to social welfare than public health in Korea.
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